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Science > Atomic Theory > Flashcards

Atomic Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

proton

A

-in the nucleus
-positively charged subatomic particle

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2
Q

nucleus

A

-made up of protons and neutrons
-surrounded by the electrons

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3
Q

neutron

A

-in the nucleus
-neutrally charged subatomic particle

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4
Q

electron

A

-in orbit around the nucleus
-negatively charged subatomic particle

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5
Q

orbit

A

-the path that electrons follow

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6
Q

protons and neutrons

A

-both in nucleus
-proton is positive and neutron is negative

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7
Q

protons and electrons

A

-protons in nucleus and electrons in orbits around nucleus
-protons positive and electrons negative

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8
Q

neutrons and electrons

A

-neutrons in nucleus and electrons in orbits around nucleus
-neutrons neutral charge and electrons negative

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9
Q

atomic number

A

-found above an element on the periodic table
-the number of protons in an element

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10
Q

mass number

A

-sum of neutrons and protons
-found below the elements symbol

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11
Q

isotope

A

-an atom with more or less neutrons than found on the periodic table

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12
Q

how is the Periodic Table organized?

A

-by increasing atomic number
-periods are the rows
-groups/families are columns

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13
Q

Alkali Metals

A

-Lithium to Francium
-most reactive
-only found in compounds
-soft enough to cut with a plastic knife

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14
Q

Alkaline Earth Metals

A

-Beryllium to Radium
-harder and denser
-found only in compounds
-very reactive

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15
Q

Transition Metals

A

-Groups 3-12
-Hard and shiny
-good conductors

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16
Q

Lanthanides

A

-start at Lanthanum and end at Lutetium
-found in nature
-called the “rare earth metals”

17
Q

Actinides

A

-start at Actinium and end at Lawrencium
-Uranium and Thorium found most commonly in nature
-most are made artificially
-all radioactive

18
Q

Boron family

A

-Group 13

19
Q

Carbon family

A

-Group 14

20
Q

Nitrogen family

A

-Group 15

21
Q

Oxygen family

A

-Group 16

22
Q

Halogens

A

-Group 17
-means “salt-forming”
-combine with many different elements
-very reactive
-like to bond ith Alkali Metals

23
Q

Noble Gases

A

-Group 18
-Inert Gases
-rarely form compounds
-do not react with other elements

24
Q

metals are found…

A

-on the left of the “staircase”

25
Q

metalloids are found…

A

-touching the “staircase”

26
Q

nonmetals are found…

A

-on the left of the “staircase”

27
Q

valence electrons

A

-number of electrons in the outermost orbit of an atom
-found by looking at the group number (except for transition metals)

28
Q

Physical Properties of Metals

A

-Malleable (can be hammered or rolled into a flat sheet)
-Ductile (can be pulled out into a long wire)
-Thermal Conductivity (ability to transfer heat)
-Electrical Conductivity (ability to carry an electrical current)
-luster (shiny and reflective)
-high density
-solids at room temperature (except for Mercury)
-can be magnetic

29
Q

Chemical Properties of Metals

A

-tend to lose valence electrons, making them highy reactive
-react with nonmetals, not other metals

30
Q

Physical Properties of Metalloids

A

-Solids at room temperature
-brittle
-hard
-semiconductor (can conduct an electric current under some conditions, but not all

31
Q

Chemical Properties of Metalloids

A

-somewhat reactive

32
Q

Physcial Properties of Nonmetals

A

-insulators (poor heat conductor)
-poor electrical conductor
-low density
-can be solids, gases, or liquids at room temperature
-solids are dull and brittle
-some gases are poisonous and others are necessary to life

33
Q

Chemical Properties of Nonmetals

A

-tend to gain other valence electrons in bonding
-react with both metals and nonmetals
-some are highly reacitve, others are nonreactive

34
Q

ion

A

-an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained a valence electron, making it positive or negative
-neutral atom loses an electron -> becomes positive
-neutral atom gains an electron -> becomes negative

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