Atomic Theory

Question 1

proton

Answer 1

-in the nucleus
-positively charged subatomic particle

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

-made up of protons and neutrons
-surrounded by the electrons

Question 3

neutron

Answer 3

-in the nucleus
-neutrally charged subatomic particle

Question 4

electron

Answer 4

-in orbit around the nucleus
-negatively charged subatomic particle

Question 5

orbit

Answer 5

-the path that electrons follow

Question 6

protons and neutrons

Answer 6

-both in nucleus
-proton is positive and neutron is negative

Question 7

protons and electrons

Answer 7

-protons in nucleus and electrons in orbits around nucleus
-protons positive and electrons negative

Question 8

neutrons and electrons

Answer 8

-neutrons in nucleus and electrons in orbits around nucleus
-neutrons neutral charge and electrons negative

Question 9

atomic number

Answer 9

-found above an element on the periodic table
-the number of protons in an element

Question 10

mass number

Answer 10

-sum of neutrons and protons
-found below the elements symbol

Question 11

isotope

Answer 11

-an atom with more or less neutrons than found on the periodic table

Question 12

how is the Periodic Table organized?

Answer 12

-by increasing atomic number
-periods are the rows
-groups/families are columns

Question 13

Alkali Metals

Answer 13

-Lithium to Francium
-most reactive
-only found in compounds
-soft enough to cut with a plastic knife

Question 14

Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 14

-Beryllium to Radium
-harder and denser
-found only in compounds
-very reactive

Question 15

Transition Metals

Answer 15

-Groups 3-12
-Hard and shiny
-good conductors

Question 16

Lanthanides

Answer 16

-start at Lanthanum and end at Lutetium
-found in nature
-called the “rare earth metals”

Question 17

Actinides

Answer 17

-start at Actinium and end at Lawrencium
-Uranium and Thorium found most commonly in nature
-most are made artificially
-all radioactive

Question 18

Boron family

Answer 18

-Group 13

Question 19

Carbon family

Answer 19

-Group 14

Question 20

Nitrogen family

Answer 20

-Group 15

Question 21

Oxygen family

Answer 21

-Group 16

Question 22

Halogens

Answer 22

-Group 17
-means “salt-forming”
-combine with many different elements
-very reactive
-like to bond ith Alkali Metals

Question 23

Noble Gases

Answer 23

-Group 18
-Inert Gases
-rarely form compounds
-do not react with other elements

Question 24

metals are found…

Answer 24

-on the left of the “staircase”

Question 25

metalloids are found...

Answer 25

-touching the "staircase"

Question 26

nonmetals are found...

Answer 26

-on the left of the "staircase"

Question 27

valence electrons

Answer 27

-number of electrons in the outermost orbit of an atom -found by looking at the group number (except for transition metals)

Question 28

Physical Properties of Metals

Answer 28

-Malleable (can be hammered or rolled into a flat sheet) -Ductile (can be pulled out into a long wire) -Thermal Conductivity (ability to transfer heat) -Electrical Conductivity (ability to carry an electrical current) -luster (shiny and reflective) -high density -solids at room temperature (except for Mercury) -can be magnetic

Question 29

Chemical Properties of Metals

Answer 29

-tend to lose valence electrons, making them highy reactive -react with nonmetals, not other metals

Question 30

Physical Properties of Metalloids

Answer 30

-Solids at room temperature -brittle -hard -semiconductor (can conduct an electric current under some conditions, but not all

Question 31

Chemical Properties of Metalloids

Answer 31

-somewhat reactive

Question 32

Physcial Properties of Nonmetals

Answer 32

-insulators (poor heat conductor) -poor electrical conductor -low density -can be solids, gases, or liquids at room temperature -solids are dull and brittle -some gases are poisonous and others are necessary to life

Question 33

Chemical Properties of Nonmetals

Answer 33

-tend to gain other valence electrons in bonding -react with both metals and nonmetals -some are highly reacitve, others are nonreactive

Question 34

ion

Answer 34

-an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained a valence electron, making it positive or negative -neutral atom loses an electron -> becomes positive -neutral atom gains an electron -> becomes negative