Atomic Structures and Periodic Trends

Question 1

Nucleons

Answer 1

protons and neutrons

Question 2

Atomic Number

Answer 2

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 3

Mass Number

Answer 3

number of protons + number of neutrons

Question 4

Isotopes

Answer 4

atoms of the same element differ in number of neutrons

Question 5

Atomic Weight of an Element

Answer 5

weighted average of masses of its naturally occurring isotopes

Question 6

Ion

Answer 6

charged atom

Question 7

Anion

Answer 7

negatively charged ion

Question 8

Cation

Answer 8

positively charged ion

Question 9

Strong Nuclear fOrce

Answer 9

force holding protons and neutrons in a nucleus

Question 10

Radioactive

Answer 10

nuclei are unstable

Question 11

Radioactive Decay

Answer 11

transformation of an unstable nuclei to make them more stable

Question 12

Parent

Answer 12

nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay

Question 13

Daughter

Answer 13

more stable nucleus after radioactive decay

Question 14

Alpha Particle

Answer 14

large nucleus wants to become more stable by reducing the number of protons and neutrons emits this

Question 15

Alpha Particle Components

Answer 15

2 protons and 2 neutrons and travel short distances

Question 16

Beta Decay

Answer 16

conversion of a neutron into a proton

Question 17

Weak Nuclear Force

Answer 17

cause beta decay

Question 18

Beta- Decay

Answer 18

unstable nucleus contains too many neutrons, convert a neutron into a proton and an electron, which gets ejected

Question 19

Beta+ Decay

Answer 19

unstable nuclei contains too few neutrons, it converts a proton into a neutron and a positron, which is ejected

Question 20

Electron Capture

Answer 20

unstable nucleus to increase number of neutrons by capturing electrons from closest electron shell to convert a proton into a neutron

Question 21

Gamma Photons

Answer 21

electromagnetic radiation energy emitted after a nucleus in an excited energy state relaxes to ground state

Question 22

Gamma Photons Mass

Answer 22

gamma photons have no mass or charge, so can penetrate matter most effectively

Question 23

Half Life

Answer 23

time it takes for one-half of some sample of substance to decay

Question 24

Nuclear Binding energy

Answer 24

energy released when individual nucleons were bound together by the strong force to form the nucleus. would also be equal to the energy required to break up the intact nucleus into individual nucleons.

Question 25

mass defect

Answer 25

total mass of separate nucleons minus mass of nucleus

Question 26

Aufbau principle

Answer 26

electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals available

Question 27

Hund’s rule

Answer 27

electrons in the same sub shell occupy available orbitals singly before pairing up

Question 28

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 28

there can be no more than two electrons in a given orbital

Question 29

diamagnetic

Answer 29

atom that has all of its electrons spin-paired so have no net magnetic field- will be repelled by an external magnetic field

Question 30

paramagnetic

Answer 30

not all electrons are spin-paired so atom is attracted to an externally produced magnetic field

Question 31

period

Answer 31

horizontal row on periodic table

Question 32

group/family

Answer 32

vertical column on periodic table

Question 33

isoelectronic

Answer 33

when an ion has the same electron configuration as another neutral atom