Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table Flashcards
What is an atom?
Tiny particles of matter which are the building blocks of all matter
What are the subatomic particles?
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Where are each of them found in an atom?
Protons & Neutrons: Nucleus in the center
Electrons: On shells around the nucleus
What are the first 20 elements and their symbols
Hydrogen - H
Helium - He
Lithium - Li
Beryllium - Be
Boron - B
Carbon - C
Nitrogen - N
Oxygen - O
Fluorine - F
Neon - Ne
Sodium - Na
Magnesium - Mg
Aluminum - Al
Silicon - Si
Phosphorus - P
Sulfur - S
Chlorine - Cl
Argon - Ar
Potassium - K
Calcium - Ca
What is the atomic number of an element
How many protons are in the atom
What is the mass number of an element
How many protons and neutrons are in the atom
What is the name of Group 1, 7 and 0
1 - Alkali metals
7 - Halogens
0 - Noble Gases
What are the groups and periods in the periodic table
Groups - Columns ⬇️
Periods - Rows ➡️
What is a chemical reaction
A reaction where new substances are made, involves an energy change, the atoms combine in fixed ratios to give them full outer shells (8 or 2 for Hydrogen)
What is a compound
A pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined together and cannot be separated by physical means
How do you name a metal and non-metal compound
It is an ionic compound
The metal is always written first
The non-metals takes the name ending -ide or if it also contains oxygen then it will end in -ate/-ite depending on how much oxygen is present (less oxygen: -ite more oxygen: -ate)
How do you name non-metal compounds
It is a covalent compound
Named using prefixes (mono, di, tri, tetra, penta) to tell you how many of each element is present
What are the names of the following compounds:
1. H2SO4
2. NH3
3. CH4
4. HCl
5. C6H12O6
6. C2H5OH
7. HNO3
1 - Sulfuric acid
2 - Ammonia
3 - Methane
4 - Hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride as a gas)
5 - Glucose
6 - Ethanol
7 - Nitric Acid
What are the reactants and products of an equation and where do you find them
Reactants - What you react together on the left side of arrow
Products - What is produced after a reaction on the right hand side of the arrow
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass
It states mass cannot be created or destroyed
Why do equations need to be balanced and how is it done
Since no mass can be created or destroyed the amount of what is reacted must also be produced.
Never change any of the formulae (the subscript numbers) but change the quantity of what is reacted(add big numbers to the front like algebra)
Make sure there is the same amount of each element on both sides
What are half equations and ionic equations
They are equations that shows what happens to each element during a reaction either it loses electrons or gains them.
What is a mixture
A substance that contains elements and/pr compounds that are not chemically bonded together so can be separated through physical means
What happens in a physical reaction
No new substances are produced no chemical bonds are being formed or broken
What is filtration used for
To separate undissolved solids from a mixture of a solid or a liquid solution
What are the steps of filtration
A piece of filter paper is placed in a filter funnel; above a beaker
A mixture of insoluble liquid is poured into the filter
The filter paper will only allow small liquid particles to pass through as a filtrate
Solid particles to big to pass through will stay behind as a residue on the filter paper
What is crystallisation used for
Separate dissolved solid from a solution when the solid is more soluble in hot solvent than in cold
What are the steps for crystallisation
Solution is heated which allows the solvent to evaporstr snf leaves tthe saturated
If the solution is saturated crystals will form on a clean, dry cold glass rod thatb has been dipped into it
Leave to cool and crystals begin to form due to decrasing solubility
