Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

Tiny particles of matter which are the building blocks of all matter

Question 2

What are the subatomic particles?

Answer 2

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Question 3

Where are each of them found in an atom?

Answer 3

Protons & Neutrons: Nucleus in the center
Electrons: On shells around the nucleus

Question 4

What are the first 20 elements and their symbols

Answer 4

Hydrogen - H
Helium - He
Lithium - Li
Beryllium - Be
Boron - B
Carbon - C
Nitrogen - N
Oxygen - O
Fluorine - F
Neon - Ne
Sodium - Na
Magnesium - Mg
Aluminum - Al
Silicon - Si
Phosphorus - P
Sulfur - S
Chlorine - Cl
Argon - Ar
Potassium - K
Calcium - Ca

Question 5

What is the atomic number of an element

Answer 5

How many protons are in the atom

Question 6

What is the mass number of an element

Answer 6

How many protons and neutrons are in the atom

Question 7

What is the name of Group 1, 7 and 0

Answer 7

1 - Alkali metals
7 - Halogens
0 - Noble Gases

Question 8

What are the groups and periods in the periodic table

Answer 8

Groups - Columns ⬇️
Periods - Rows ➡️

Question 9

What is a chemical reaction

Answer 9

A reaction where new substances are made, involves an energy change, the atoms combine in fixed ratios to give them full outer shells (8 or 2 for Hydrogen)

Question 10

What is a compound

Answer 10

A pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined together and cannot be separated by physical means

Question 11

How do you name a metal and non-metal compound

Answer 11

It is an ionic compound
The metal is always written first
The non-metals takes the name ending -ide or if it also contains oxygen then it will end in -ate/-ite depending on how much oxygen is present (less oxygen: -ite more oxygen: -ate)

Question 12

How do you name non-metal compounds

Answer 12

It is a covalent compound
Named using prefixes (mono, di, tri, tetra, penta) to tell you how many of each element is present

Question 13

What are the names of the following compounds:
1. H2SO4
2. NH3
3. CH4
4. HCl
5. C6H12O6
6. C2H5OH
7. HNO3

Answer 13

1 - Sulfuric acid
2 - Ammonia
3 - Methane
4 - Hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride as a gas)
5 - Glucose
6 - Ethanol
7 - Nitric Acid

Question 14

What are the reactants and products of an equation and where do you find them

Answer 14

Reactants - What you react together on the left side of arrow
Products - What is produced after a reaction on the right hand side of the arrow

Question 15

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 15

It states mass cannot be created or destroyed

Question 16

Why do equations need to be balanced and how is it done

Answer 16

Since no mass can be created or destroyed the amount of what is reacted must also be produced.

Never change any of the formulae (the subscript numbers) but change the quantity of what is reacted(add big numbers to the front like algebra)

Make sure there is the same amount of each element on both sides

Question 17

What are half equations and ionic equations

Answer 17

They are equations that shows what happens to each element during a reaction either it loses electrons or gains them.

Question 18

What is a mixture

Answer 18

A substance that contains elements and/pr compounds that are not chemically bonded together so can be separated through physical means

Question 19

What happens in a physical reaction

Answer 19

No new substances are produced no chemical bonds are being formed or broken

Question 20

What is filtration used for

Answer 20

To separate undissolved solids from a mixture of a solid or a liquid solution

Question 21

What are the steps of filtration

Answer 21

A piece of filter paper is placed in a filter funnel; above a beaker
A mixture of insoluble liquid is poured into the filter
The filter paper will only allow small liquid particles to pass through as a filtrate
Solid particles to big to pass through will stay behind as a residue on the filter paper

Question 22

What is crystallisation used for

Answer 22

Separate dissolved solid from a solution when the solid is more soluble in hot solvent than in cold

Question 23

What are the steps for crystallisation

Answer 23

Solution is heated which allows the solvent to evaporstr snf leaves tthe saturated
If the solution is saturated crystals will form on a clean, dry cold glass rod thatb has been dipped into it
Leave to cool and crystals begin to form due to decrasing solubility