Atomic Structure pt 2

Question 1

Why have mass spectrometers been included in planetary space probes

Answer 1

So that elements on other planets can be identified
elements on other planets can have a diff composition of isotopes

Question 2

What is the parent ion or the Molecular ion

Answer 2

The isotope with the highest m/z will be equakl to the relative molcular mass

Question 3

Define first ionisation energy

Answer 3

The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms forms one mole of gaseous ions with a single positve charge

Question 4

Define secon ionisation energy

Answer 4

The enthalypy chnage when one mole of a gaseous ions with a single positiove charge forms one mole of gaseous ions with a double positive charge

Question 5

What are the factors that affect ionisation energy(3)

Answer 5

The attraction of the nucleus (the more protons in the nucleus the greater the attraction)
The distance of the electrons from the nucleus (The further the distance the weaker the attraction to the nucleus
Shielding of the attraction of the nucleus (an electron in the outershell is repelled by electrons in ocmplete inner shells weakening the attarction of the nucelus

Question 6

Why are successive ionsation energies always larger

Answer 6

When the first electron is removed a postive ion is formed
The ion increases the attraction on the remaining electrons and so enegry required to remove the next electron is larger

Question 7

What was Erwin Schrondingers contribution to the atom

Answer 7

Worked out that electrons had some of the properties of waves which led to quantum mechanics

Question 8

What were the ideas put forward by Gilbert Lewis (Links to the idea of bonding)

Answer 8

*The inertness of the noble gases was related to them having a full outer shell
*Ions were formed by atoms losing or gaining electrons to attain a full outer shell
*Atoms could al bond by sharing electrons to attain full outer shells

Question 9

What so the formula for the amount of electrons allowed to be held by each electron shell l

Answer 9

2n^2
n= number of shells

Question 10

What is a mass spectrometer used for

Answer 10

The accurate determination of Relative atomic mass (Ar)

Question 11

Why does the ionisation energy increase across a period

Answer 11

Because the nuclear charge is increasing and this makes it harder to remove an electron

Question 12

Why does ionisation energies decrease as you go down a group

Answer 12

the outermost electron is, on average, farther from the nucleus, meaning it is held less tightly and requires less energy to remove.