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GCSE Physics > Atomic Structure P1T4 > Flashcards

Atomic Structure P1T4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the atomic mass number?

A

The number of neutrons + the number of protons

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2
Q

What is the atomic number? (Proton number)

A

The number of protons

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3
Q

Where on a symbol would you find the atomic mass number?

A

The top right hand side.

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4
Q

Where on a symbol would you find the atomic number? (Proton number)

A

The bottom right hand side.

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5
Q

What is an atom? (Compared to ions and isotopes)

A

Neutral

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6
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has gained or lost one of more electron. They are charged.

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7
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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8
Q

Where do you find the proton in an atom?

A

In the nucleus

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9
Q

Where do you find the neutron in an atom?

A

In the nucleus

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10
Q

Where do you find the electron in an atom?

A

Orbiting the nucleus on electron shells

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11
Q

What is nuclear radiation?

A

Nuclear radiation is ionising, which means it turns atoms into ions. In humans this can damage or kill cells

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12
Q

What can cell damage lead to?

A

Mutations, that lead to growths then tumours.

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13
Q

What is background radiation?

A

The radiation that is ever present. In different parts of the world the background radiation is different.

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14
Q

Name the three types of radiation.

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

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15
Q

What is nuclear decay?

A

Nuclear decay occurs when an unstable nucleus emits nuclear radiation ti become more stable.

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16
Q

What is alpha radiation?

A

When a nucleus has too few neutrons, it emits a ‘package’ of two protons and two neutrons called an alpha particle.

17
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

A helium nucleus

18
Q

What is the relative charge of alpha radiation?

A

+2

19
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of an alpha particle?

A

4

20
Q

What is the ionisation power of an alpha particle?

A

It has a high ionisation power

21
Q

What is alpha radiation stopped by?

A

Skin/ paper

22
Q

What is an alpha particles range in air?

A

<5cm

23
Q

What is beta radiation?

A

When a nucleus has too many neutrons, a neutron will turn into a proton and emit a high energy electron called a beta particle.

24
Q

What is the relative charge of a beta particle?

A

-1

25
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of a beta particle?

A

Almost 0

26
Q

What is the ionisation power of a beta particle?

A

Low

27
Q

What is a beta particle stopped by?

A

Aluminium foil

28
Q

What is a beta particles range in air?

A

≈1m

29
Q

What is gamma radiation?

A

After emitting an alpha or beta particle, the nucleus will often be still too ‘hot’. The nucleus will then lose energy by emitting infrared radiation, an electromagnetic wave

30
Q

What is the relative charge of a gamma ray?

A

0

31
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of a gamma ray?

A

0

32
Q

What is the ionisation power of a gamma ray?

A

Very low

33
Q

What is gamma radiation stopped by?

A

Lead/concrete, but is not fully stopped just slowed

34
Q

What is a gamma rays range in air?

A

> 1Km

35
Q

What is the most dangerous kind of radiation?

A

Gamma

36
Q

What is fusion?

A

When two light nuclei collide at high speed to fuse into a larger heavier nucleus

37
Q

What are the advantages of fusion power? (Name 2)

A
  1. No carbon emissions, the only by-products of fusion are small amounts of helium
  2. Abundance in fuels, the supplies of deuterium and tritium can last for millions of years
38
Q

What are the disadvantages of fusion power? (Name 2)

A
  1. No full scale production expected until 2050
  2. Requires extremely high temperatures and is difficult to contain

GCSE Physics (4 decks)

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