Atomic Structure & Ions

Question 1

What is the smallest unit that makes up an element?

Answer 1

An atom

Atoms combine to form molecules and compounds.

Question 2

What are the three types of sub-atomic particles?

Answer 2

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Protons and neutrons are collectively known as nucleons.

Question 3

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

Answer 3

In the nucleus

The nucleus is the central part of an atom.

Question 4

Where are electrons found in an atom?

Answer 4

In electron shells

Electron shells surround the nucleus.

Question 5

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 5

1

Protons have a significant mass compared to electrons.

Question 6

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 6

1

Neutrons have a mass similar to protons.

Question 7

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 7

1/1840

The mass of an electron is negligible compared to protons and neutrons.

Question 8

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 8

+1 (positive)

Protons carry a positive charge.

Question 9

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 9

0 (neutral)

Neutrons do not have any charge.

Question 10

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 10

-1 (negative)

Electrons carry a negative charge.

Question 11

What is the relationship between the number of protons and electrons in an atom?

Answer 11

They are equal

This equality ensures the atom is electrically neutral.

Question 12

What does it mean for an atom to be electrically neutral?

Answer 12

The number of positively charged protons is balanced by an equal number of negatively charged electrons

This balance results in no overall charge.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: A beryllium atom has ______ protons and ______ neutrons in its nucleus.

Answer 13

4 protons and 3 neutrons

Beryllium’s atomic number is 4.

Question 14

True or False: Electrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 14

False

Electrons orbit the nucleus in electron shells.

Question 15

What is the proton number?

Answer 15

The number of protons in an atom.

Question 16

What is the nucleon number?

Answer 16

The number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in an atom.

Question 17

What is nuclide notation?

Answer 17

A representation of the proton number and nucleon number of an element.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about an atom is true? A) An atom always has an equal number of neutrons and electrons. B) The nucleon number can be equal to the proton number. C) The nucleon number can be less than the proton number. D) The number of neutrons is never equal to the number of electrons.

Answer 18

B) The nucleon number can be equal to the proton number.

Question 19

What is an ion?

Answer 19

An atom or a group of atoms that loses or gains electrons.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: A chlorine atom with 17 protons has a nucleon number of _______.

Answer 20

35

Question 21

How many neutrons does a chlorine atom with a nucleon number of 35 and 17 protons have?

Answer 21

18 neutrons

Question 22

True or False: An atom always has an equal number of protons and electrons.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

List examples of ions.

Answer 23

• Na+
• Mg2+
• F-
• OH-

Question 24

What can the nucleon number be in relation to the proton number?

Answer 24

It can be equal to or greater than the proton number.

Question 25

What is the relationship between protons, neutrons, and nucleons in an atom?

Answer 25

Nucleon number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: A carbon atom has 6 protons, _______ electrons, and 6 neutrons.

Answer 26

6

Question 27

What does the term 'nucleon' refer to?

Answer 27

Protons and neutrons in an atom.

Question 28

What does the charge of an ion indicate?

Answer 28

The number of electrons that are lost or gained ## Footnote For example, a +1 charge indicates one more proton than electron.

Question 29

What is the charge of the Na ion and what does it signify?

Answer 29

+1, indicating it has lost one electron ## Footnote This means there is one more proton than electrons in the Na ion.

Question 30

What is the charge of the F- ion and what does it signify?

Answer 30

-1, indicating it has gained one electron ## Footnote This means there is one more electron than protons in the F- ion.

Question 31

What are atoms of the same element with the same proton number but different nucleon numbers called?

Answer 31

Isotopes

Question 32

Give an example of two isotopes of carbon.

Answer 32

Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 ## Footnote Both have 6 protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 33

How many neutrons does carbon-12 have?

Answer 33

6 neutrons

Question 34

How many neutrons does carbon-14 have?

Answer 34

8 neutrons

Question 35

Do isotopes have the same number of electrons?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

What kind of properties do isotopes have in common?

Answer 36

Similar chemical properties ## Footnote However, they differ in physical properties.

Question 37

List physical properties that differ among isotopes.

Answer 37

* Density * Melting point * Boiling point

Question 38

What determines the identity of an element?

Answer 38

The number of protons

Question 39

What contribution do electrons make to the mass of an atom?

Answer 39

Electrons do not contribute to the mass of an atom

Question 40

What do neutrons not contribute to in an atom?

Answer 40

The charge of an atom

Question 41

What is the number of protons in a magnesium (Mg) atom?

Answer 41

12

Question 42

How many electrons does magnesium (Mg) have?

Answer 42

12 ## Footnote The number of electrons equals the number of protons in a neutral atom.

Question 43

Calculate the number of neutrons in magnesium (Mg).

Answer 43

12 ## Footnote Calculation: 24 (nucleon number) - 12 (proton number) = 12 neutrons.

Question 44

What is the number of protons in a sulfide ion (S2-)?

Answer 44

16

Question 45

How many electrons does the sulfide ion (S2-) have?

Answer 45

18 ## Footnote It gains 2 electrons compared to the number of protons.

Question 46

Calculate the number of neutrons in the sulfide ion (S2-).

Answer 46

16 ## Footnote Calculation: 32 (nucleon number) - 16 (proton number) = 16 neutrons.

Question 47

What ions can hydrogen form?

Answer 47

H+ and H- ## Footnote H+ is formed when hydrogen loses an electron, while H- is formed when it gains an electron.

Question 48

Which statement is correct regarding the H+ and H- ions?

Answer 48

C: The H- ion has one more electron than the H+ ion. ## Footnote H+ has no electrons, while H- has two electrons.

Question 49

How many protons does a hydrogen atom have?

Answer 49

One proton.

Question 50

What is the relationship between protons and electrons in an atom?

Answer 50

The number of protons equals the number of electrons.

Question 51

Which particles are isotopes?

Answer 51

Q and U. ## Footnote Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 52

True or False: Isotopes have different numbers of electrons.

Answer 52

False.

Question 53

What is a common error regarding isotopes?

Answer 53

Isotopes have different numbers of electrons.

Question 54

What is the number of protons in particle Q?

Answer 54

12 protons.

Question 55

What is the number of neutrons in particle U?

Answer 55

13 neutrons.

Question 56

Fill in the blank: The H+ ion has _______ electrons.

Answer 56

no

Question 57

True or False: Both H+ and H- ions have the same number of protons.

Answer 57

True.

Question 58

What is the total number of electrons in the H- ion?

Answer 58

Two electrons.

Question 59

Which particles have the same number of electrons?

Answer 59

Q and U.

Question 60

How many electrons does particle T have?

Answer 60

14 electrons.

Question 61

How many neutrons does particle R have?

Answer 61

10 neutrons.

Question 62

Fill in the blank: Isotopes have the same number of _______.

Answer 62

protons

Question 63

What is the lowest energy level in an atom?

Answer 63

The first or innermost shell ## Footnote It is closest to the nucleus.

Question 64

How many electrons can the first electron shell contain at most?

Answer 64

2 electrons ## Footnote The first shell has a maximum capacity of 2 electrons.

Question 65

What are the maximum number of electrons that the second and third electron shells can contain?

Answer 65

8 electrons ## Footnote Both the second and third shells can hold up to 8 electrons.

Question 66

What is the outermost electron shell also known as?

Answer 66

Valence shell ## Footnote Electrons in this shell are called valence electrons.

Question 67

What is electronic configuration?

Answer 67

The arrangement of electrons in an atom ## Footnote It describes how electrons are distributed among the various shells.

Question 68

What is the electronic configuration of Hydrogen?

Answer 68

1 ## Footnote Hydrogen has 1 electron.

Question 69

What is the electronic configuration of Lithium?

Answer 69

2, 1 ## Footnote Lithium has 3 electrons: 2 in the first shell and 1 in the second shell.

Question 70

What is the electronic configuration of Sodium?

Answer 70

2, 8, 1 ## Footnote Sodium has 11 electrons: 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, and 1 in the third shell.

Question 71

How many valence electrons does Helium have?

Answer 71

2 valence electrons ## Footnote Helium's valence shell is full, making it stable.

Question 72

How many valence electrons does Argon have?

Answer 72

8 valence electrons ## Footnote Argon's valence shell is full, making it stable and unreactive.

Question 73

True or False: Atoms with full valence shells are reactive.

Answer 73

False ## Footnote Atoms with full valence shells are stable and unreactive.

Question 74

Atoms with valence shells that are not full tend to _______.

Answer 74

gain, lose or share electrons ## Footnote This is to achieve the stable electronic configuration of a noble gas.