Atomic Structure and the periodic table

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 2

What is a chemical formula used for?

Answer 2

To represent an element or compound in balanced chemical equations

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

A substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically combined

Question 4

What is an ion?

Answer 4

It is a charged particle formed when an atom, or a group of atoms, loses or gains electrons.

Question 5

What is a word equation?

Answer 5

Represents a chemical reaction using the names of the substances involved.

Question 6

What does the arrow in a word equation mean?

Answer 6

Reacts to make

Question 7

Name the 4 state symbols?

Answer 7

1. (s) solid
2. (l) liquid
3. (g) gas
4. (aq) Aqueous Solution

Question 8

What do the total mass of the products equal?

Answer 8

The total mass of the reactants

Question 9

What is in the centre of a atom and what is is surround it by?

Answer 9

Nucleus

Surrounded by elections arranged in shells

Question 10

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?

Answer 10

1 , +1

Question 11

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?

Answer 11

1, 0

Question 12

What is the relative mass and charge of a electron?

Answer 12

Very Small, -1

Question 13

What are protons charge?

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

What are Neutrons charge?

Answer 14

Neutral

Question 15

What is the atomic number?

Answer 15

The number of protons in an atom of an element.

Question 16

What does an atom contain?

Answer 16

Equal number of protons and electrons

Question 17

What is the Mass Number?

Answer 17

The mass number of an atom is its total number of protons and neutrons.

Question 18

How do you calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom?

Answer 18

1. Number of protons = atomic number
2. Number of electrons = atomic number
3. Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number

Question 19

What is an isotope?

Answer 19

Atoms of an element with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons.

(The same Atomic Number, Different Mass Number)

Question 20

What was the name of the Russian scientist who developed a periodic table?

Answer 20

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 21

How did he arrange his periodic table and what did he leave spaces for?

Answer 21

• Arranged elements in order of atomic mass

- Left gaps for elements that had not been discovered

Question 22

What is the difference with the modern periodic table?

Answer 22

• Elements are arranged in order of atomic number (number of protons)
• Group 0 was not fully discovered at the time

Question 23

What are the gases in Group 0 called?

Answer 23

Noble Gases

Question 24

How reactive are the gases in Group 0?

Answer 24

Very Unreactive

Question 25

Why are Group 0 so nonreactive?

Answer 25

They have a full outer shell of electrons

Question 26

What is the boiling point of group 0 gases like?

Answer 26

All below 0, vary as you go down the group.

Question 27

Which side(s) of the periodic table are the metals?

Answer 27

Left and Centre

Question 28

What are the central metals called?

Answer 28

Transition metals

Question 29

What happens when metal atoms react?

Answer 29

They lose their outer electrons and achieve a full outer shell

Question 30

What do metals always form?

Answer 30

Positive Ions

Question 31

What are group 1 metals called?

Answer 31

Alkaline Metals

Question 32

What do all group 1 metals have in their outer shell?

Answer 32

All have 1 electron

Question 33

How reactive are group 1 metals?

Answer 33

Very Reactive ( more reactive as you go down the group)

Question 34

Why are group 1 metals more reactive as they go down the group?

Answer 34

The outer electron is less attracted to the nucleus and easier to lose.