Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest particle of an element that is still recognisable as that element
Which 3 smaller sub-atomic particles are atoms made of?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms chemically combined
Charge of a proton
+1
Mass of a proton
1
Charge of a neutron
0 (neutral)
Mass of a neutron
1
Charge of an electron
-1
Mass of an electron
1/1850
What does the atomic number tell us?
The number of protons
What does the number of protons tell us?
The number of electrons
And what element it is
What is the mass number?
Number of protons and neutrons in an atom
How do we work out the amount of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number - protons/atomic number
Why do atoms have no overall charge?
They have equal numbers of protons and electrons
How many electrons does the first shell hold up to?
2
How many electrons does the second shell hold up to?
8
How many electrons does the third shell hold up to?
8
What is a vertical column on a period table called?
Group
What is a horizontal row on a periodic table called?
Period
What do atoms in the same group (column) of the periodic table have the same of?
Same number of outer shell electrons
What does the group number tell us?
How many outer shell electrons that group have
E.g. group 1 have 1 outer shell electron
What do atoms in the same period have the same of?
Same number of electron shells
E.g. period (row) 3 have 3 electron shells
What is an isotope?
Different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What do isotopes still do?
Chemically react in the same way
What does relative atomic mass (Ar) mean?
The weighted average of the mass numbers of the different isotopes of an element
Equation for relative atomic mass (Ar)
Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass)
—————————————————————
100
Give the group number of the atom with the electron configuration of 2,8,7
7
Give the period number of the atom with the electron configuration of 2,8,7
3
Where in the periodic table will you find the non-metals?
Towards the top on the right-hand side
How are elements in the periodic table arranged?
In order of increasing atomic number
In groups and periods
What do elements in the same group have similar?
Chemical properties
What is group 1 of the periodic table called?
Alkali metals
What kind of metals are alkali metals?
Reactive
What happens as you go down group 1 on the periodic table?
Elements are MORE reactive as you go down the group
What are group 7 of the periodic table called?
Halogens
What kind of non-metals are halogens?
Reactive
What happens as you go down group 7 on the periodic table?
Elements are LESS reactive as you go down the group
What is group 0 of the periodic table called?
Noble gases
What kind of non-metals are noble gases?
Very unreactive
—> as they don’t need to gain or lose any electrons
Properties of metals
Metallic bonding (very strong)
Good conductors of heat and electricity
High melting and boiling points
Malleable (bendy)
Shiny
Sonorous (create a ringing sound when hit)
When metals are burned in air what do they form?
Alkaline oxides
E.g. calcium oxide
Properties of non-metals
Lower densities
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Low melting and boiling points
—> many being gaseous at room temperature
Brittle (break easily)
Dull in colour
When non-metals are burned in air what do they form?
Acidic oxides
E.g. carbon dioxide
Properties of transition metals
Typical metal properties and …
Can form more than one ion and form different coloured solutions
Make very good catalysts
Which sub-atomic particles are in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons
Neutrons
Which sub-atomic particle is on the shells of an atom?
Electrons
Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties?
They have the same number of outer shell electrons
Magnesium + oxygen —> …
Magnesium oxide
