Atomic structure and the periodic table, C1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is in the middle of an atom

A

the nucleus

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2
Q

what does the nucleus contain

A

protons and neutrons

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3
Q

do nuclei have a positive or negative charge

why?

A

positive charge

because of the protons

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4
Q

the relative mass of a proton

A

1

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5
Q

the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

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6
Q

the relative mass of an electron

A
very small (often taken as 0)
virtually no mass
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7
Q

charge of a proton

A

+1, positive

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8
Q

charge of a neutron

A

no charge, neutral

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9
Q

charge of an electron

A

-1, negative

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10
Q

why are atoms neutral (have no charge overall)

A

same number of protons as electrons

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11
Q

why do ions have an overall charge

give example

A

the number of protons doesn’t equal the number of electrons

for example, an ion with a 2- charge has two more electrons than protons

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12
Q

how is an ion formed

A

when an atom loses or gains an electron

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13
Q

what does the atomic number tell you

is it the top or bottom of the nuclear symbol

A

how many protons there are

bottom

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14
Q

what does the mass number tell you

is it top or bottom of the nuclear symbol

A

total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

top

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15
Q

how do you work out the number of neutrons in a nuclear symbol

A

mass number - atomic number

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16
Q

what is an element made from

A

atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus

17
Q

isotopes

A

same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

18
Q

what similarities do elements of the same group have about their shells

A

they all have the same number of shells

19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

elements in the same group all have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

20
Q

DELETE

21
Q

what do you call an atom with an incomplete outer shell

22
Q

how do you write an ion when the atom has lost an electron

23
Q

how do you write an ion when the atom has gained an electron

24
Q

do metals or non-metals always lose electrons

A

metals

non-metals always gain electrons

25
what did james chadwick discover in 1932
neutrons
26
how would a lithium atom form a lithium ion
when a lithium atom loses one electron from its outer shell
27
why are electrons and protons attracted to each other
opposites attract
28
who's and what theory did JJ Thompson prove wrong in 1897
John Dalton's theory that described atoms as solid spheres and that different spheres made up different elements
29
what was the plum pudding model
JJ Thompson discovered that atoms weren't solid spheres but instead must contain even smaller negatively charged particles, electrons
30
when and who disproved the plum pudding model
ernest rutherford in 1909
31
what did ernest rutherford discover using what experiment | - what was it called
- that there must be a nucleus in the centre of the atom as some particles were deflected when thrown - alpha particle scattering experiment
32
what is Bohr's nuclear model
the discovery that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells
33
does the periodic table show compounds
no, only individual elements
34
how many elements have been discovered
approximately 100
35
are all the atoms in an element the same
yes, bar isotopes
36
what does the plum pudding model show
that atoms contained negative particles (electrons) embedded in a ball of positive charge