Atomic structure and the periodic table, C1

Question 1

what is in the middle of an atom

Answer 1

the nucleus

Question 2

what does the nucleus contain

Answer 2

protons and neutrons

Question 3

do nuclei have a positive or negative charge

why?

Answer 3

positive charge

because of the protons

Question 4

the relative mass of a proton

Answer 4

1

Question 5

the relative mass of a neutron

Answer 5

1

Question 6

the relative mass of an electron

Answer 6

very small (often taken as 0)
virtually no mass

Question 7

charge of a proton

Answer 7

+1, positive

Question 8

charge of a neutron

Answer 8

no charge, neutral

Question 9

charge of an electron

Answer 9

-1, negative

Question 10

why are atoms neutral (have no charge overall)

Answer 10

same number of protons as electrons

Question 11

why do ions have an overall charge

give example

Answer 11

the number of protons doesn’t equal the number of electrons

for example, an ion with a 2- charge has two more electrons than protons

Question 12

how is an ion formed

Answer 12

when an atom loses or gains an electron

Question 13

what does the atomic number tell you

is it the top or bottom of the nuclear symbol

Answer 13

how many protons there are

bottom

Question 14

what does the mass number tell you

is it top or bottom of the nuclear symbol

Answer 14

total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

top

Question 15

how do you work out the number of neutrons in a nuclear symbol

Answer 15

mass number - atomic number

Question 16

what is an element made from

Answer 16

atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus

Question 17

isotopes

Answer 17

same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

Question 18

what similarities do elements of the same group have about their shells

Answer 18

they all have the same number of shells

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE

elements in the same group all have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

Answer 19

true

Question 20

DELETE

Answer 20

false

Question 21

what do you call an atom with an incomplete outer shell

Answer 21

unstable

Question 22

how do you write an ion when the atom has lost an electron

Answer 22

+

Question 23

how do you write an ion when the atom has gained an electron

Answer 23

-

Question 24

do metals or non-metals always lose electrons

Answer 24

metals

non-metals always gain electrons

Question 25

what did james chadwick discover in 1932

Answer 25

neutrons

Question 26

how would a lithium atom form a lithium ion

Answer 26

when a lithium atom loses one electron from its outer shell

Question 27

why are electrons and protons attracted to each other

Answer 27

opposites attract

Question 28

who’s and what theory did JJ Thompson prove wrong in 1897

Answer 28

John Dalton’s theory that described atoms as solid spheres and that different spheres made up different elements

Question 29

what was the plum pudding model

Answer 29

JJ Thompson discovered that atoms weren’t solid spheres but instead must contain even smaller negatively charged particles, electrons

Question 30

when and who disproved the plum pudding model

Answer 30

ernest rutherford in 1909

Question 31

what did ernest rutherford discover using what experiment

- what was it called

Answer 31

• that there must be a nucleus in the centre of the atom as some particles were deflected when thrown
• alpha particle scattering experiment

Question 32

what is Bohr’s nuclear model

Answer 32

the discovery that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells

Question 33

does the periodic table show compounds

Answer 33

no, only individual elements

Question 34

how many elements have been discovered

Answer 34

approximately 100

Question 35

are all the atoms in an element the same

Answer 35

yes, bar isotopes

Question 36

what does the plum pudding model show

Answer 36

that atoms contained negative particles (electrons) embedded in a ball of positive charge