Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table

Question 1

Describe an Atom

Answer 1

All substances are made of atoms

they are really small

Question 2

what does an Atom contain

Answer 2

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 3

what is a protons relative mass and charge

Answer 3

relative mass 1
charge +1
positive

Question 4

what is a neutrons relative mass and charge

Answer 4

relative mass 1
charge 0
neutral

Question 5

what is a electrons relative and charge

Answer 5

relative mass very small
charge -1
negative

Question 6

describe an isotope

Answer 6

same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

so isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass number

Question 7

what is an element

Answer 7

a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus

Question 8

what is a mixture

Answer 8

a blend of lots of different things

there is no chemical bond between the different parts of the mixture

they are easily separated unlike compounds

Question 9

what does relative atomic mass mean and why does it take into account the abundance of isotopes of the element

Answer 9

relative atomic mass is the average mass taking into account the different masses and abundances of all the isotopes that make up the element.

Question 10

how do you calculate relative atomic mass?

Answer 10

(isotope adundance x isotope mass number) + (isotope abundance x isotope mass number)

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sum of abundances

Question 11

which side is non metals and which side is metals on the periodic table

Answer 11

metals on left

non metals on right

Question 12

describe and explain group 1

Answer 12

reactive and soft

alkali metals

all have 1 electron in their outer shell

low melting and boiling point

Question 13

describe and explain group 7

Answer 13

halogens

as you go down the the halogens become less reactive

all halogens react in a similar way because they all have 7 electrons in their outer shell

low boiling and melting points

Question 14

describe and explain group 0

Answer 14

noble gases

they do not react very much and you cant see them

all have 8 electrons in their outer shell giving them a full outer shell

they exist as monatomic gases - single atoms not bonded to each other

as you go down the group they increase boiling point

the boiling and melting point decreases down the group

Question 15

describe and explain group 2 and 3

Answer 15

transition metals

centre of the periodic table

transition metals are typical metals and have the properties you would expect of a proper metal

good conductors of heat and electricity and they’re dense strong and shiny

Question 16

how are the elements in the periodic table arranged

Answer 16

the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number.

elements having similar chemical properties naturally line up in the same column (group)

Question 17

what is the difference between a metal and a non metal

Answer 17

metals -

hard
metallic looking
high electrical and heat conductor
high melting and boing points

non metals -

softer
colourful
solids, liquids or gas
poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 18

describe the properties of noble gases

Answer 18

non flammable

low melting and boiling points

Question 19

what is the difference between transition metals and group 1 metals

Answer 19

much harder, stronger and denser than group 1

transition metals are much less reactive

Question 20

what happens when you react group 7 with a metal and a non metal

Answer 20

they form salts with a metal and with a non metal they dissolve and form strong acids