Atomic Structure And Periodic Table

Question 1

What are atoms?

Answer 1

Atoms are the building blocks of matter.

Question 2

What are the three sub-atomic particles that make up an atom?

Answer 2

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 3

What charge do protons have?

Answer 3

Protons have a positive charge.

Question 4

What charge do neutrons have?

Answer 4

Neutrons have no charge (neutral).

Question 5

What charge do electrons have?

Answer 5

Electrons have a negative charge.

Question 6

What do protons, neutrons, and electrons together make?

Answer 6

They make all the atoms in the universe.

Question 7

What is the Solid Sphere Model?

Answer 7

Dalton’s model stating that atoms are indivisible and identical for a given element.

Atoms of different elements combine to form compounds.

Question 8

Who proposed the Plum Pudding Model?

Answer 8

J.J. Thomson in 1904, depicting atoms as electrons scattered in a positive charge cloud.

Thomson discovered electrons in 1897.

Question 9

What did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment demonstrate?

Answer 9

That atoms are mostly empty space with a concentrated positive charge in the nucleus.

This led to the realization that positive charge is localized in the nucleus.

Question 10

What was Bohr’s contribution to atomic theory?

Answer 10

He proposed that electrons move in fixed orbits around the nucleus with quantized energy levels.

This explained the emission spectra of some elements.

Question 11

What year did John Dalton propose his atomic theory?

Answer 11

1803.

Question 12

What year did J.J. Thomson propose the Plum Pudding Model?

Answer 12

1904.

Question 13

What year did Ernest Rutherford conduct his gold foil experiment?

Answer 13

1911.

Question 14

What year did Niels Bohr propose his model of the atom?

Answer 14

1913.

Question 15

What is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom called?

Answer 15

Proton number

The proton number determines the identity of the element.

Question 16

What does the periodic table arrange elements by?

Answer 16

Increasing atomic number

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 17

What are the columns of the periodic table called?

Answer 17

Groups

Groups indicate the number of electrons in the outer shell.

Question 18

What do the rows of the periodic table represent?

Answer 18

Periods

The top row is the first period.

Question 19

True or False: The periodic table is organized by decreasing atomic number.

Answer 19

False

The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number.

Question 20

What does the group number indicate about an element?

Answer 20

Number of electrons in the outer shell

This is crucial for determining chemical reactivity.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: Elements in the same group typically have similar _____ properties.

Answer 21

Chemical

This is due to having the same number of valence electrons.

Question 22

True or False: All elements in a period have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.

Answer 22

False

Elements in a period have varying numbers of electrons in their outer shell.