atomic structure and periodic table πŸ˜‰πŸŽ€πŸŽ€πŸ§ͺ Flashcards

1
Q

what’s an isotope

A

same number of protons different number of neutrons

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2
Q

where is the atomic number

A

the bottom

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3
Q

what is relative atomic mass / mass number

A

number on the top

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4
Q

how to calc relative atomic mass

A

percentage X amount / 100

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5
Q

where are the metals and non metals on the periodic table

A

metals- left
non metals- right

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6
Q

groups

A

alkali metals
transition metals
halogens
noble gasses

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7
Q

what’s an alloy

A

mixture of different metals

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8
Q

what is a molecule

A

group of atoms chemically bonded together

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9
Q

what is a giant covalent structure and examples

A

molecules with many atoms
carbon
sulfur

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10
Q

different examples of carbon atoms bonded

A

diamond
graphite

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11
Q

what’s a compound

A

contains atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together

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12
Q

different types of compound

A

covalent
ionic

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13
Q

what type of bonding is ionic

A

metal and non mental ions

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14
Q

what type of bonding is covalent

A

all non metals bonding

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15
Q

where are electrons

A

in shells around nucleus
attraction to positively charged protons

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16
Q

how to find out number of electrons in an element

A

atomic number

17
Q

J.J thompson

A

discovered electron
subatomic particles are evenly distributed in the atom
β€œplum pudding model”

18
Q

john dalton

A

atoms weee first described as solid spheres

19
Q

rutherford

A

alpha scattering experiment-mass concentrated at the centre. the nucleus is charged. most of the mass is in the nucleus,
most of the atom is empty space

20
Q

bohr

A

electrons are in shells orbiting the nucleus

21
Q

chadwick

A

discovered that there are neutrons in the nucleus

22
Q

simple distillation

A

separating a liquid from a solution

23
Q

fractional distillation

A

separating out a mixture of liquids
used to separate crude oil into fractions

24
Q

halogens

A

non mental
go down- less reactive
go down-melting and boiling points become higher

25
noble gases
unreactive due to full outer shell colourless gas at room temp go down-boiling points increase increase in number in electrons means greater intermolecular forces
26
development of periodic table
-arranged by atomic mass -some elements hadnt been found so put in the wrong group - mandeleev left gaps for undiscovered elements -he put them in order of atomic mass
27
modern periodic table
-in order of atomic mass/proton number -metals on the left non metals on the right -group number shows electrons in outer shell -predict the reactivity of metals
28
alkali metals
-soft and very reactive (one electron) -low density -go down- more reactive -form ionic compounds with no metals -react with water, chlorine and oxygen
29
mixtures
no chemical bonds easy to separate
30
chromatography
to separate out mixtures
31
filtration
to separate solids from liquids
32
evaporation
to separate a soluble salt from a solution
33
crystallisation
to separate a soluble salt from a solution; slower method of separating a salt
34
separating out salt from rock salt practical
1. grind mixture of rock salt 2.add water and stir 3. filter the mixture leaving the sand in the filter paper 4.evaporate the water from the salt, leaving the crystals
35
transition metals
-strong,shiny and good conductors or electricity and heat -make good catalysts -form more than one ion usually coloured -compounds also usually coloured