Atomic Structure and Isotopes & Compounds, Formulae and Equations Flashcards
What was stated in Dalton’s atomic theory
(2)
- Atoms are tiny particles made of elements
- Atoms cannot be divided
- All the atoms in a element are the same
- Atoms of one element are different to those of other elements
What did Thompson discover about electrons
(2)
- They have a negative charge
- They can be deflected by magnet and electric field
- They have very small mass
Explain the Plum Pudding model
Atoms are made up of negative electrons moving around in a sea of postive charge
What were Rutherford’s proposal after the gold leaf experiment
- Most of the mass and positive charge of the atom are in the the nucleus
- Electrons orbit the nucleus
- Most of the atoms volume is the space between the nucleus and the electrons
- Overall postive and negative charges must balance
Explain the current model of the atom
- Protons and Neutrons are found in the nucleus
- Electrons orbit in shells
- Nucleus is tiny compared to the total volume of atom
- Most of atoms mass is in the nucleus
- Most of the atom is empty space between the nucleus and the electrons
What does the atomic number tell about an element
Atomic Number = Number of protons in an atom
What does mass number =
Proton + Neutrons
Define Isotope
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Why does diffrent isotopes of the same element react in the same way
Neutrons have no impact on the chemical reactivity
Reactions involve electrons, isotopes have the same number of electrons in the same arrangement
Define Ions
Charged particles that is formed when an atom loses or gains electrons
Define Relative Atomic Mass
The weighed mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom carbon-12
Define Relative Isotopic Mass
The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom carbon-12
What are the uses of mass spectrometry
Identify unknown compounds
Find relative abundance of each isotope of an element
Determine structural information
How does a mass spectrometer work
The sample is made into positive ions
They pass through the apparatus and are separated according to mass to charge ratio
A computer analyses the data and produces mass spectrum
Do metals usually gain or lose electrons
Lose
