Atomic structure and isotopes - 2.1 - (1) Flashcards

Page 8 & 9

1
Q

What does the atom consist of?

A

a nucleus made up of two types of subatomic particles = protons and neutrons

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2
Q

What is the third type of subatomic particle?

A

an electron which occupies a region outside the nucleus

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3
Q

How are electrons arranged?

A

around the nucleus in shells

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4
Q

What kind of masses do atoms and their subatomic particles have?

A

tiny masses

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5
Q

What do chemists use instead of working in grams?

A

they compare the masses of subatomic particles using relative masses

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6
Q

What virtually has the same mass as a neutron?

A

proton

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7
Q

What is the negligible mass of an electron?

A

1/1836th the mass of a proton

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8
Q

What do accurate measurements show?

A

a neutron has a slightly greater mass than a proton

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9
Q

By which factor is a neutron slightly greater than a proton?

A

1.001375

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10
Q

What do chemists assume after they see that neutrons have a slightly greater mass than protons by the factor suggested?

A

this is close to 1 that chemists usually assume that protons and neutrons have the same mass

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11
Q

What type of subatomic particle has a positive charge?

A

proton

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12
Q

What type of subatomic particle has a negative charge?

A

electron

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13
Q

The charge on a proton…

A

is equal but opposite to the charge on an electron - the charges balance

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14
Q

What type of subatomic particle has no charge?

A

neutron

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15
Q

What is the actual charge on a single proton that is tiny?

A

+1.60217733 x 10^-19C

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16
Q

What is a much easier way instead of using actual charges?

A

relative charges

17
Q

What is the relative charge for a proton?

18
Q

What is the relative charge for an electron?

19
Q

Nearly all of an atom’s…

A

mass is in the nucleus

20
Q

What do atoms contain the same number of?

A

protons and electrons

21
Q

What is cancelled by the total negative charge from electrons?

A

the total positive charge from protons

22
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom?

23
Q

Is an atom neutral?

24
Q

What are neutrons thought to be as for the nucleus?

A

as a glue that holds the nucleus together despite the electrostatic repulsion between its positively charged protons

25
Most atoms contain the same number of, or slightly more,...
neutrons than protons
26
What is needed as the nucleus gets larger?
more and more neutrons
27
What identfies an element?
the number of protons in an atom
28
As of 2014, the existence of how many elements has been confirmed?
114 elements
29
Every atom of the...
same element contains the same number of protons
30
Different elements contain atoms...
that have different numbers of protons
31
The periodic table lists elements in order of the...
number of protons in the nucleus
32
Each element is shown with the number of...
protons as its atomic number (or number of protons)