Atomic structure and isotopes Flashcards
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses
What is A?
Number of protons + number of neutrons = mass number
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/2000
What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
How are ions formed?
By losing or gaining electrons
How isotopes of the same element similar?
They have the same electronic configuration so they react the same way in chemical reactions
How are isotopes of the same element different?
They have slightly different physical properties
What is relative isotopic mass?
It is the mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
- the mass number
What is relative atomic mass?
It is the ratio of the average mass of an atom of an element to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What is relative molecular mass?
It is the ratio of the average mass of a molecule of an element or compound to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What is the formula mass?
It is the ration of the average mass of a molecule of an ionic compound to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What is mass spectrometry?
It is a form of molecular chemical analysis that allows the masses of individual molecules or isotopes to be determined
How can mass spectrometry be used?
- Provides structural information
- Identify an unknown compound
- Determine the relative abundance of each isotope of an element
- Determine the relative atomic mass
What does mass spectrometry give information about?
- The relative abundance of isotopes on the y axis
- The relative isotopic mass on the x axis
How is relative atomic mass calculated?
∑(relative isotopic mass x abundance) / 100
What is the chemical symbol of nitrate?
N03
What is the chemical symbol for carbonate?
CO3 2-
What is the chemical symbol for sulphate?
SO4 2-
What is the chemical symbol for ammonium?
NH4 +
What is the chemical symbol for zinc?
Zn 2+
What is the chemical symbol for silver?
Ag +
What is the chemical symbol for nitride?
N 3-
What is the chemical symbol for sulphide?
S 2-
Define a mole
One mole of an element is the Ar in grams
What is the Avogadro’s number?
6.02 x 10^23
