Atomic structure

Question 1

what are the relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons ?

Answer 1

Proton: 1
Neutron: 1
Electron: 0.0005

Question 2

What does the atomic number represent ?

Answer 2

Number of protons

Question 3

What does the mass number represent ?

Answer 3

Number of protons - number of neutrons

Question 4

How do you find the number of electrons in an element ?

Answer 4

Same as the proton/atomic number

Question 5

What is the mass number an average of ?

Answer 5

All of the elements isotopes

Question 6

Isotopes have the same number of …. but a different number of ….

Answer 6

Same: protons
Different: neutrons

Question 7

Due to the different isotopes having the same number of ….. they all possess the same ….. and ….. properties

Answer 7

1. electrons
2. chemical
3. physical

Question 8

Electrons are arranged in ….. or …… which have …. or ……

Answer 8

Electron shells
Energy levels
Sub-shells
Sun-levels

Question 9

Each sub-level consists of …. …..

Answer 9

Electron orbitals

Question 10

What is an electron orbital ?

Answer 10

A region of space in which the electron spends most of its time/ is most likely to be in

Question 11

Each …… can hold ……. with ….. ….

Answer 11

Orbital
2 electrons
Opposite spins

Question 12

Electrons will always fill the ….. ….. ….. first

Answer 12

Lowest energy level

Question 13

Why does 4s fill before 3d ?

Answer 13

Because 4s is at a lower energy level

Question 14

What is the order of orbital filling ?

Answer 14

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p etc

Question 15

The ….. up the energy levels the …. ….. the electrons have

Answer 15

Higher

More energy

Question 16

Electrons will always enter the ………… available

Answer 16

Lowest energy orbital

Question 17

Electrons prefer to occupy …… on their …… and only ………. … when no …… orbitals of the ….. ….. are available

Answer 17

Orbitals 
Own
Pair up
Empty 
Same energy

Question 18

In ….. the electrons in the …… energy level are …. ….

Answer 18

Ions
Highest
Lost first

Question 19

Electrons are ….. from … before ….

Answer 19

Lost
4s
3d

Question 20

…… for how electrons are …… in ….. comes from ……. …..

Answer 20

Evidence
Arranged
Atoms
Ionisation energies

Question 21

The ….. …… ….. is the …… required to remove ….. …. from each …… in a …… of …….. atoms producing one mole of … …… …….

Answer 21

1st ionisation energy 
Energy 
One electron
Atom
Mole
Gaseous 
1+ gaseous ions

Question 22

The ….. …… ….. is the energy required to remove the …… ….. not ….. …..

Answer 22

2nd ionisation energy
Second electron
Both electrons

Question 23

What three factors affect ionisation energy ?

Answer 23

Distance from the nucleus
Nuclear charge
Shielding

Question 24

What affect does the distance from the nucleus have on ionisation energy ?

Answer 24

The greater the distance the less the attraction between the nucleus and outer electron

Question 25

What affect does nuclear charge have on ionisation energy ?

Answer 25

The more protons the nucleus has the higher the nuclear charge the higher the attraction between the nucleus and outer electron

Question 26

What affect does shielding have on ionisation energy ?

Answer 26

The greater the shielding I.e. the more energy levels there are the weaker the attraction between the nucleus and outer electrons