Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is an isotope?

Answer 1

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 2

What is nanotechnology?

Answer 2

The study and manipulation of particles at the nanoscale.

Question 3

What is the measurement of a nanometer?

Answer 3

10^-9

Question 4

What is an excited state?

Answer 4

When an atom’s electrons gains energy it it can move up to higher energy levels.

Question 5

What did Neil Bohr suggest?

Answer 5

Suggests that electrons orbit the nucleus in definite paths or energy called shells.

Question 6

What was Erwin Schrodingers model?

Answer 6

Instead of electrons following pre determined paths, they move around the nucleus in regions called orbitals.

Question 7

What is an atom made up of?

Answer 7

In its nucleus it contains positive protons and neutral neutrons so its overall charge is positive. Outside the nucleus are shells that are mostly filled with space but contain orbiting electrons.

Question 8

What is the quantum mechanical model?

Answer 8

Energy is not continuous nut comes in small packets called quanta and particles have wave like properties.

Question 9

What happens when excited electrons give off their energy?

Answer 9

When excited electrons release their excess energy they give it of as a photon or a quantum of light. This light can be seen on the emission spectrum.

Question 10

What is coppers electron configuration?

Answer 10

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1

An electron comes from the 4s orbital to make the 3d subshell full in order to make the atom more stable.

Question 11

What is chromiums electron configuration?

Answer 11

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1

An electron comes from the 4s orbital to make the 3d subshell half full in order to make the atom more stable.

Question 12

What is aufbaus rule?

Answer 12

States that electrons must fill inner most orbitals first before filling the outer shells. Chromium and copper do not follow Aufbaus rule/

Question 13

What is hands rule?

Answer 13

States that electrons like to fill each subshell completely before putting the second electron in the orbital.

Question 14

What is paulis exclusion principal?

Answer 14

States that each orbital may hold a maximum of 2 electrons. Subshells closest to the nucleus have the lowest energy,

Question 15

What is the Bohr model?

Answer 15

Places electrons in certain well defined orbits or fixed energies called shells.

Question 16

What is the emmession spectrum?

Answer 16

A unique range of energies emitted by an atom.

• electrons are able to absorb energies to move between shells
• excited electrons are unstable
• the excess energy absorbed is given off as photons of light
• the fixed energy jumps appear in emmesion spectrum and are unique to each element

Question 17

What is spectroscopy?

Answer 17

Measures the interaction between matter and types of electromagnetic radiation.