Atomic Structure

Question 1

what is an atom

Answer 1

• the smallest part of an element
• invisible, but broken down into many different subatomic particles
• made up of protons, neutron and electrons

Question 2

What is an isoptope?

Answer 2

Same number of protons; different number of neutrons

Question 3

what is the electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 3

electromagnetic waves can travel through space + depending on wavelength, through matter.

Question 4

Formula for wavelength speed

Answer 4

c= y x v

v= frequency
y= wavelength
c= velocity of travel (speed)

Question 5

what is the emission spectra ( EXICTED STATE TO GROUND STATE; GIVING OUT ENERGY)

Answer 5

Line Spectrum: when energy is supplied to individual elements they emit a spectrum which only contains emissions at particular wavelengths. Each element has its own characteristic spectrum, known as a line spectrum (not continuous)

• each element emits specific wavelengths
• each wavelength corresponds to a discrete amount of energy

Question 6

How does the emission spectra work?

Answer 6

• can be used to identify particular elements, as each element has its own, unique emission spectra
• energy supplied to electrons= electrons become energy and becoming EXCITED (move from ground state to excited state)
• When electrons drop from a higher level to a lower level they emit energy
• energy corresponds to a particular wavelength and shows up as a line in the spectrum
• when electrons return to ground state, the lines occur in the ultraviolet region

Question 7

Electronic Configuration

Answer 7

electorns found in orbitals, each orbital can contain a maximum of 2 electrons each with opposite spins

Question 8

THE AUFBAU principle:

Answer 8

The orbitals with the lowest energy are filled first
each orbital can contain a maximum of two electrons
HUNDS RULE: orbitals within the same subshell are filled singly first

Question 9

Exeptions to aufbau prinicple

Answer 9

CHROMIUM: [Ar] 4s1 3d5
COPPER: [Ar] 4s1 3d10
IRON: [Ar] 3d6

Question 10

SHAPES OF ORIBTALS

Answer 10

S» SPHERICAL

P» DUNG BELLS, 3 TYPES: PX (cross) PY AND PZ(sideways) (vertical)

Question 11

emmision spectra for:

• hot object
• hot gas

Answer 11

HOT OBJECT: continous spectra (all the frequencies of light)
Hot Gas: certain little lines (certain frequencies OF LIGHT)
discontinous spectra

Question 12

what is the absorbtion spectra

Answer 12

-absorbtion of energy
-from ground state to excited state
emmision +aborbtion =complete spectra

Question 13

what is BOHRS explanation of the hydrogen spectra

Answer 13

• positive proton in nucleus
• electrons moving around it
• each orbit has a definitive energy associated with Citi

Question 14

what is the ground state

Answer 14

electrons in their lowest energy level; with energy it can move to its excited state (other levels)

Question 15

what are chemical properties of an element determined by

Answer 15

the electronic configuration

Question 16

how can a scientists determine that electrons have distinct levels through which they travel from their ground-> excited state

Answer 16

emission spectra consist of discrete lines representing transients between the levels; if electors could be anywhere he spectra would be continuous; the convergence of lines in the spectra show that successive levels get closer in energy