Atomic Structure Flashcards
Parts of an atom
Nucleus made up of neutrons (neutral charge) and protons (positive charge), electrons (negative charge) on the outer shell.
Balanced nucleus
The number of neutrons equal the number of protons.
Balanced atom
The number of electrons must equal the number of protons.
Isotope
When the number of neutrons aren’t equal to the number of protons.
Ions
When the number of electrons aren’t equal to protons.
Valency
The number of electrons an atom wants to gain or lose to have a full outer shell.
1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, 5-3, 6-2, 7-1, 8-0
What are the types of primary bonds
Ionic, covalent and metallic
Ionic bonding
Oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic forces. Metal and non metal materials.
Covalent bonding
Done by two non metals
Metallic bonding
Between two metals and is done by the form of a delocalised electron cloud holding the positive ions in place.
Secondary bonds
Always weaker than primary bonds. Permanent dipoles and induced dipoles
Name of the force used to form secondary bonds
Van der waals.
Are weak electrostatic forces bonding atoms by attracting opposite charges.
What is an allotrope
The different physical form in which an element can exist.
