Atomic Structure Flashcards
what is the charge of a proton
1
what is the charge of an electron
-1
how big is an atom and how much smaller is the nucleus compared to the atoms
1*10^-10, 10000
when does an atom become an ion?
when it loses or gains 1 or more electrons
how does an atom become positively charged?
gaining an electron
how does an atom become negatively charged?
losing an electron
what is an isotope?
atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons
who came up with the plum pudding model?
jj thompson
what was the plum pudding a ball of?
positive charge with embedded negative electrons
who proposed the nuclear model of the atom
rutherford
what was the nuclear model?
small, positive nucleus being orbited by electrons
who propesed that electrons orbited the nucleus
n bohr
who proposed the existence of the neutron
chadwick
what is radioactive decay measured in?
becqueral
in which type of radiation does a neutron decay into a proton and electron?
beta
what is a gamma ray
a high energy wave emitted from the nucleus that has no mass or charge
order alpha, beta and gamma in order of charge, highest to lowest
alpha(2), gamma (0), beta(-1)
which type of radiation is hardest to stop
gamma
order alpha beta gamma on how strongly they ionise. highest to lowest.
alpha, beta, gamma
what is it called when objects are exposed to radiation
irradiation
what are the benefits of food irradiation?
disease eliminated, foods nutrients preserved, reduced spoilage, decreased illness, increased trade of food
how can you protect yourself from radiation
protective clothing, exposure time as short as possible, put materials in lead lined containers
how did the theory of a nucleus come about?
through the geiger marsden experiment.
