atomic structure

Question 1

atomic mass

Answer 1

1/12 of the mass of the most abundant isotope of carbon

Question 2

electromagnetic force

Answer 2

attracts opposite electrical charges

Question 3

strong nuclear force

Answer 3

binds together protons and neutrons within the nucleus

Question 4

weak nuclear force

Answer 4

responsible for radioactive beta decay- changing protons to neutrons and vice versa

Question 5

gravitational force

Answer 5

brings objects together and creates curves in the fabric of space-time

Question 6

A in nuclide notation

Answer 6

mass number

Question 7

Z in nuclide notation

Answer 7

atomic number (number of protons)

Question 8

isotopes

Answer 8

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 9

shell filling rule

Answer 9

2n2 electrons in each shell

Question 10

Aufbau principle

Answer 10

atomic orbitals are filled with electrons starting at the lowest available energy states

Question 11

pauli exclusion principle

Answer 11

no two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers (cannot have the same energy levels)

Question 12

hunds rule

Answer 12

electron shells requires single occupancy of an orbital by an electron before pairing

Question 13

octet rule

Answer 13

the tendency for atoms to prefer to have 8 electrons in the outer shell

Question 14

covalent bonding

Answer 14

non-metal atoms sharing a pair of electrons

Question 15

ionic bonding

Answer 15

opposite charges attracting

Question 16

band theory

Answer 16

metals have an energy band above the valence band called the conduction band which overlaps with the valence band so that there is no energy gap

Question 17

excitation

Answer 17

• energy of the incident photon is equal to the energy gap
• all the energy of the incident photon is transferred as KE raises it to the next available orbital shell
• electron will fall back to its original orbital shell, emitting radiation in the process

Question 18

ionisation

Answer 18

• energy of incident photon is greater than the energy gap
• all the energy of the incident photon is transferred to the electron as KE, causing the electron to be liberated and resulting in ionisation
• electron vacancy will be filled by an electron from another shell, emitting radiation in the process.