Atomic Structure Flashcards
What 2 concepts is Physics concerned with studying?
ENERGY
MATTER
What is energy?
The ability to do work
The Law of the conservation of Energy
Energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred.
What forms may Energy exist in?
KINETIC
POTENTIAL
CHEMICAL
SOUND
HEAT
What unit is Energy measured in?
Joules ( J )
What is Matter
Matter is what all things are made of and can be a solid, liquid or gas.
It can be converted chemically (freezing ice)
What is a scalar quantity and some examples?
A scalar quantity is something defined by size only.
This can be Time, Mass, Distance, Speed.
What is a vector quantity and examples?
Vector quantity refers to something that can be defined by size and movement
This can be displacement, velocity and acceleration
What is Kinetic Energy
Energy possessed by a body due to its movement.
Dependant on mass/speed/velocity dependant on their relationship.
Potential Energy
This refers to energy possessed due to the position or state.
What is Conduction
Conduction refers to the heating of solids, where the atoms are densely packed and the heat causes them to vibrate.
These vibrations then lead the atoms to collide into eachother creating heat.
The hotter it gets, the more they vibrate.
Convection
Heating of fluid and gasses
The movement of energy by circulation.
The heating of the random particles makes them move faster, thus leading to random diffusion occuring and making the particles becoming less dense and transferring energy.
What is radiation?
The transfer of heat energy without any material medium using electromagnetic waves. Every object radiates heat energy until its temp is 0
What is an Element
Chemicals that cannot be broken down more
What is a compound
Two or more elements linking together.
What is an atom
The smallest amount of an element that still reflects its true potentials.
What do atoms consist of
Protons and neutrons encased in a nucleus
Electrons surrounding.
How are Atom particles held together
Electrical Forces.
What charge do neutrons have
Neutral
What charge do protons have
+1 Positively charged
What charge do electrons have
-1 Negatively Charged
What numbers are always equal in an atom
Electrons in shell
Protons in nucleus
DO atoms have an electrical charge?
No due to the protons and electrons being the same.
What determines the atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus
What is the symbol for atomic number?
Z
What determines the nucleon number?
The number of nucleons and protons in the nucleus
What is the symbol for the nucleon number?
A
What number do all atoms share
The atomic number
(number of protons)
What is an isotope?
When atoms have the same amount of protons and electrons, but different amounts of neutrons.
