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Science > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Democritus believe about atoms

A

believed that all matter consisted. Of extremely small particles that couldn’t be divided

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2
Q

What did Democritus call the small particles he discovered? Came from the Greek word atomos

A

Atoms

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3
Q

What is Daltons atomic theory

A

All elements. Are made of atoms,all atoms of the same element have the same mass and atoms of different elements have different masses

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4
Q

When did Democritus discover his theory

A

400 BC

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5
Q

Wen did dalton discover his theory

A

1800’s

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6
Q

What was Thompson’s revised theory of the atom

A

All atoms have neither a positive or negative charge there must always be some positive charge in the atom.

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7
Q

What was Thompson’s model of the atom

A

An atom that is filled with a positively charged mass of matter that has negative charges evenly scattered throughout it.

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8
Q

Rutherford atomic theory

A

Positive charge is concentated in a small central area, the nucleus, it is positively charged located in the center of an atom

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9
Q

when did Thomson come up with his model of the atom

A

1897

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10
Q

When did Rutherford come up with his theory?

A

1911

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11
Q

_____ concluded that the amount of positive charge varies among elements

A

Rutherford

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12
Q

Each nucleus must contain at LEAST ___ proton

A

uno

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13
Q

who detected electrons or negatively charged particles

A

Thomson

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14
Q

who carried ou the experiment to show that neutrons exist and when

A

James Chadwick
In 1932

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15
Q

A neutron has a mass equal to a ___

A

Proton

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16
Q

Where is a proton located,what’s its charge, symbol,mass, and who discovered it

A

Located- nucleus
Charge-positive
Symbol- P
Scientist- Rutherford 1911
Mass- 1 AMU

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17
Q

where is a electron located,what’s its charge, symbol,mass, and who discovered it

A

Located- cloud
Charge- negative
Symbol- -e
Scientist - Thompson 1897
Mass- 1/1836

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18
Q

where is a neutron located,what’s its charge, symbol,mass, and who discovered it and when

A

Located- nucleus
Charge- 0 (neural)
Symbol-N
Scientist- James Chadwick 1932
Mass- 1 AMU

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19
Q

Everything scientists know about atoms is based on how the

A

Particles behave in experiments

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20
Q

protons and neutrons have _____ mass

A

Almost the same mass

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21
Q

About___ electrons = the mass of one proton

A

2000

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22
Q

____ are found in the cloud

A

Electrons

23
Q

____ & _____ are found in the nucleus

A

Protons and neutrond

24
Q

the atomic number of an element is the number of _____ in an atom

A

Protons

25
Q

Each element has a ____ atomic number

A

different

26
Q

Atoms are..

A

Neutral

27
Q

each positive charge in an atom is ______ by a _______ charge

A

Balanced, Negative

28
Q

Atomic NUmber

A

Equals the number of electrons and protons in an atom of that element

29
Q

If sulfur has an atomic number of 100 then how many electrons does it have

A

100

30
Q

Mass NUmber of an atom

A

Is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom

31
Q

Mass number of an atom minus the atomic number =

A

Number of neutrons

32
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and different mass numbers

33
Q

To distinguish one isotope from another the isotopes are refers by their ___

A

Mass

34
Q

Bohrs Model

A

Electrons move with constant speed in fixed orbits around the nucleus and each electron has a specific amount of energy

35
Q

when an atom Gaines or loses energy the energy of an _____ can change

A

Electron

36
Q

When was bohrs model discovered

A

1913

37
Q

Possible energies that electrons in an atom can have are called

A

Energy levels

38
Q

an ___ can change _______ ______ when the atom Gaines or loses ___

A

Electron; energy levels; energy

39
Q

No two elements have the same electron of ______ ___

A

energy levels

40
Q

The movement between changing ____ _____ explains the light you see during fireworks.

A

energy levels

41
Q

heat causes electrons to move to ___ energy levels

A

Higher

42
Q

When electrons move to _____ energy levels they ____ energy.

A

Lower; release

43
Q

Bohr ____ assigned energy levels to electrons, but ___ about saying the electrons moving like planets

A

Correctly; incorrect

44
Q

scientists use ___ to determine the location and motions of ____ in atoms

A

Probability; electrons

45
Q

Electron Cloud model

A

Model that most likely shows locations for electrons in an atom and says that they move around more free

46
Q

Orbital

A

A region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found; its path

47
Q

The ____ ______ represents all the orbitals in an atom

A

Electron cloud

48
Q

How many electrons can the first layer of an atom hold

A

2

49
Q

How many electrons can the second layer of an atom hold

A

8

50
Q

How many electrons can the third layer of an atom hold

A

18

51
Q

How many electrons can the fourth layer of an atom hold

A

32

52
Q

_____ revised daltons model to account for ____ particles

A

Thomson; subatomic

53
Q

rutherford added onto ___ model since id didn’t explain all the evidence

A

Thomson

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