Atomic structure

Question 1

Who made the Plum Pudding Model?

Answer 1

JJ Thomson

Question 2

What did JJ Thomson discover?

Answer 2

Electrons

Question 3

What experiment did Rutherford do?

Answer 3

Fired alpha particles at gold foil(can be squashed to one cell thick)

Question 4

What model did Rutherford propose?

Answer 4

Nuclear model

Question 5

What model did Niels Bohr propose?

Answer 5

Energy level model

Question 6

In Bohr’s model of the atom where are the electrons?

Answer 6

In shells around the nucleus

Question 7

Who discovered the neutrons?

Answer 7

James Chadwick

Question 8

What does the mass number tell you?

Answer 8

Number of protons+Number of neutrons

Question 9

The number of protons is the same as…

Answer 9

The number of electrons

Question 10

What is the mass and charge of a proton?

Answer 10

Mass=1
Charge=+1

Question 11

What is the mass and charge of a neutron?

Answer 11

Mass=1
Charge=0

Question 12

What is the mass and charge of an electron?

Answer 12

Mass=Very small
Charge=-1

Question 13

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

Answer 13

Protons and neutrons

Question 14

Which of these are neutral; atoms or ions?

Answer 14

Atoms

Question 15

What does the atomic number tell us?(the bottom number)

Answer 15

How many protons there are

Question 16

What does the mass number tell us?(the top number)

Answer 16

The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

Question 17

What is an element?

Answer 17

A substance that only contains atoms with the same number of protons.

Question 18

What is an isotope?

Answer 18

Different forms of the same element, which have the SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS but a DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS.

Question 19

What is the equation for relative atomic mass(Ar)?

Answer 19

Sum of (isotope abundance(%)x isotope mass number) / Sum of abundances(%) of all the isotopes

Question 20

What is an example of compounds which are bonded ionically?

Answer 20

Sodium chloride

Question 21

What is it called when positive and negative (opposite) charges of the ions are strongly attracted to each other?

Answer 21

Ionic bonding

Question 22

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 22

When an atom shares an electron with another atom.

Question 23

What is filtration used for?

Answer 23

If a product is an insoluble solid that needs to be separated from a liquid reaction mixture.

Question 24

Explain the steps of evaporation

Answer 24

Pour the solution into an evaporating dish.
The solvent will evaporate, and the solution will get more concentrated. Eventually crystals will start to form.
Keep heating until all you have left are dry crystals.

Question 25

Explain the steps of crystallisation

Answer 25

Pour the solution into an evaporating dish. Some of the solvent will evaporate and the solution will get more concentrated.
When crystal starts to form, remove the dish from the heat and leave the solution to cool.
After the salts becomes insoluble in the cold, filter the crystals out of the solution, and leave them in a warm place to dry.

Question 26

What is simple distillation used for?

Answer 26

To separate out solutions

Question 27

Explain the steps of simple distillation

Answer 27

The solution is heated. The part of the solution that has the lowest boiling point evaporates first.
The vapour is then cooled, condenses and is collected.
The rest of the solution is left behind in the flask.

Question 28

What is fractional distillation used for?

Answer 28

Separate a mixture of liquids

Question 29

Explain the steps of fractional distillation

Answer 29

Put the mixture in a flask and stick a fractional fractionating column on top, then heat it.
When the lowest boiling point matches, the temperature on the thermometer, it will reach the top of the column.
When the highest boiling point starts to evaporate, it will only get part of the way up before condensing since the column is cooler towards the top.