Atomic structure

Question 1

Define Nuclide

Answer 1

a type of atom that has specific number of protons and neutrons

Question 2

Define Radionuclide

Answer 2

radioactive atom

Question 3

Define Isotope

Answer 3

An element with the same atomic number but different mass number

Question 4

What is the individual charge of protons, neutrons and electrons

Answer 4

proton: +ve
Neutron: neutral / no charge
electron: ve-

Question 5

What charge is the nucleus and why?

Answer 5

positive as the protons are positive and the neutrons are neutrally charged.

Question 6

What determines what an element is?

Answer 6

proton number/atomic number (z number)

Question 7

If number of electrons and protons are equal the atom is…

Answer 7

electrically stable atom

Question 8

Define an ion

Answer 8

A neutral molecule or atom that has an additional +ve or -ve due to a deficit or surplus of electrons.

Question 9

define how an isotope is formed

Answer 9

when the mass and the number of neutrons change but the proton number remains constant.

Question 10

If an atom loses an electron what charge will the ion have? What is the specific name?

Answer 10

Positive & cation

Question 11

If an atom gains an electron what charge will the ion have? What is the specific name?

Answer 11

negative and anion

Question 12

what are the processes by which an atom loses or gains electrons to form ions?

Answer 12

Ionisation

Question 13

How is nuclear stability achieved within the nucleus?

Answer 13

The protons are like charges and thus repel according to Coulomb’s law. This is not significant as the electrostatic forces of repulsion are overcome by the neutral neutrons.

Question 14

What processes can break a nucleus

Answer 14

nuclear fission and fusion

Question 15

What is the first electron shell alphabetically labelled as

Answer 15

K

Question 16

What is the outmost shell known as

Answer 16

valence shell

Question 17

Which shells have most amount of energy

Answer 17

the inner shells have the least amount of energy whereas the valence shell has the most energy.

Question 18

Define binding energy

Answer 18

the amount of energy required to remove an electron and overcome forces of attraction between the electrons and nucleus.

Question 19

How do you calculate the neutron number?

Answer 19

Mass number - atomic number

Question 20

the filling of shells is _________

Answer 20

energy dependent

Question 21

K shells hold how many electrons_____

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Nucleons have what forces?

Answer 22

Short-range forces of attraction (enables nuclear stability)

Question 23

L shells hold how many electrons ______

Answer 23

8

Question 24

M shells hold how many electrons ________

Answer 24

18

Question 25

N shells hold how many electron______

Answer 25

32

Question 26

As you move closer to the nucleus ______ ______ increases

Answer 26

binding energy

Question 27

Atomic number is noted as a

Answer 27

z

Question 28

mass number is noted as a

Answer 28

A