Atomic structure Flashcards
Define Nuclide
a type of atom that has specific number of protons and neutrons
Define Radionuclide
radioactive atom
Define Isotope
An element with the same atomic number but different mass number
What is the individual charge of protons, neutrons and electrons
proton: +ve
Neutron: neutral / no charge
electron: ve-
What charge is the nucleus and why?
positive as the protons are positive and the neutrons are neutrally charged.
What determines what an element is?
proton number/atomic number (z number)
If number of electrons and protons are equal the atom is…
electrically stable atom
Define an ion
A neutral molecule or atom that has an additional +ve or -ve due to a deficit or surplus of electrons.
define how an isotope is formed
when the mass and the number of neutrons change but the proton number remains constant.
If an atom loses an electron what charge will the ion have? What is the specific name?
Positive & cation
If an atom gains an electron what charge will the ion have? What is the specific name?
negative and anion
what are the processes by which an atom loses or gains electrons to form ions?
Ionisation
How is nuclear stability achieved within the nucleus?
The protons are like charges and thus repel according to Coulomb’s law. This is not significant as the electrostatic forces of repulsion are overcome by the neutral neutrons.
What processes can break a nucleus
nuclear fission and fusion
What is the first electron shell alphabetically labelled as
K
What is the outmost shell known as
valence shell
Which shells have most amount of energy
the inner shells have the least amount of energy whereas the valence shell has the most energy.
Define binding energy
the amount of energy required to remove an electron and overcome forces of attraction between the electrons and nucleus.
How do you calculate the neutron number?
Mass number - atomic number
the filling of shells is _________
energy dependent
K shells hold how many electrons_____
2
Nucleons have what forces?
Short-range forces of attraction (enables nuclear stability)
L shells hold how many electrons ______
8
M shells hold how many electrons ________
18
N shells hold how many electron______
32
As you move closer to the nucleus ______ ______ increases
binding energy
Atomic number is noted as a
z
mass number is noted as a
A
