Atomic Structure Flashcards
Factors that affect the first ionization energy.
- Size of the nuclear charge
- Distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus
- Shielding effect of the inner electrons
- Spin pair repulsion
What changes occur in ionization energy across the period and down the group?
Across the period, it increases.
Down the group, it decreases.
Define 1st ionization energy.
the energy needed to remove 1 electron from each atom of an element in 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of unipositively charged gaseous ions.
Define element
A substance containing only one type of atom. All the atoms in the element have the same proton number.
Define atom
The smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Define shielding
The ability of the inner electrons to reduce the effect of the nuclear charge on the outer shell electrons.
What are energy levels?
Fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom where electrons may be found.
Which two elements are an exception when filling up shells with electrons?
Chromium ( [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ )
Copper ( [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ )