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Chemistry > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Define atom

A

The smallest part of an element that can exist

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2
Q

Define element

A

A substance made of only one type of atom

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3
Q

Define compound

A

A substance made of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together in fixed proportions

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4
Q

Define molecule

A

A substance made of more than one atom chemically bonded together

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5
Q

Define mixture

A

Two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together. The chemical properties of each substance in the mixture are unchanged

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6
Q

State the type of mixture separated by filtration

A

An insoluble solid in a liquid

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7
Q

State the type of mixture separated by crystallisation

A

A soluble solid from a solution

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8
Q

State the type of mixture separated by simple distillation

A

A mixture containing two liquids or a solvent from a solid

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9
Q

State the mixture separated by fractional distillation

A

A mixture of more than two different solvents

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10
Q

State the type of mixture separated by chromatography

A

A mixture of solvents or solutions

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11
Q

How was the atom described prior to the development of the atom?

A

As a tiny sphere that could not be divided

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12
Q

What led to the development of the plum pudding model?

A

The discovery of the electron

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13
Q

What is the plum pudding model of the atom?

A

A ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded into it

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14
Q

What experiment led to the development of the nuclear model?

A

The alpha scattering experiment

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15
Q

What were the two conclusions from the alpha scattering experiment?

A

The mass of the atom was concentrated at the centre and the nucleus was positively charged

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16
Q

How did Neils Bohr adapt the nuclear model?

A

By suggesting that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

17
Q

What evidence supported Neils Bohr’s adapted nuclear model?

A

The theoretical calculations of Bohr agreed with experimental observations

18
Q

How were protons discovered in the nucleus?

A

Later experiments led to the idea that the positive charge of any nucleus could be subdivided into a whole number of smaller particles, each particle having the same amount of positive charge

19
Q

What was James Chadwick’s contribution to the atomic model?

A

He provided evidence to show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus

20
Q

State the three subatomic particles

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

21
Q

State the relative charges of the subatomic particles

A

Protons: +1, neutrons: 0, electrons: -1

22
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

The number of protons in an atom

23
Q

What do all atoms of an element have in common?

A

The same atomic number

24
Q

How can you find out how many protons are in an atom?

A

The smallest number on an element in the periodic table is the atomic number

25
Q

Explain how you can tell how many electrons are in an atom?

A

The number of protons equals the number of electrons in an element because atoms are neutral

26
Q

State the order of size of the following from smallest to largest: Nucleus, electron, atom, molecule

A

Electron, nucleus, atom, molecule

27
Q

State the relative masses of the subatomic particles

A

Proton: 1, neutron: 1, electron: 0

28
Q

What is the mass number of an atom?

A

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus

29
Q

Where can you find the mass number in the periodic table?

A

The larger number on an element in the periodic table is the mass number

30
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Neutron number = mass number - atomic number

31
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in the nucleus

32
Q

Two isotopes are Cl-35 and Cl-37. Their atomic number is 17. Compare the two isotopes

A

Both have 17 protons and 17 electrons. Cl-35 has 18 neutrons. Cl-37 has 20 neutrons

33
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

It is an average value that takes account of the abudance of the isotopes of the element

34
Q

The abundance of Cl-35 is 75% and Cl-37 is 25%, explain why the relative atomic mass of Cl is 35.5

A

The relative atomic mass is closer to 35 because Cl-35 is more abundant than Cl-37

35
Q

Which energy level (shell) is filled first in an atom?

A

The lowest energy level (closest shell to the nucleus)

36
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons found in each energy level?

A

2,8,8,2

37
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons found in each energy level?

A

2,8,8,2

38
Q

The atomic numbers for the following atoms are given, write their electron configuration: Na 11, N 7, S 16, K 19

A

Na 2.8.1, N 2.5, S 2.8.6, K 2.8.8.1

Chemistry (12 decks)

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