Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is the atomic number

Answer 1

number of protons = number of electrons

Question 2

What is the mass number

Answer 2

number of protons and neutrons

Question 3

What is an isotope

Answer 3

atoms of the same element with a different mass number (different number of protons)

Question 4

What is relative atomic mass

Answer 4

mass of an atom relative to 1/12 of carbon-12

Question 5

mass formula

Answer 5

mass = mr x n

Question 6

What is ionisation energy

Answer 6

energy needed to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous element to form 1 mole of 1+ ions

Question 7

What is electron affinity

Answer 7

energy needed to gain 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous element to form 1 mole of 1- ions

Question 8

What affects ionisation energy

Answer 8

nuclear charge, diameter, sheilding

Question 9

What is a node

Answer 9

part of a standing wave (orbital) that does not move. The number of nodes depends on the main shell and defines the kind of sub shell. Number of sub shell reflects spatial orientation

Question 10

What is the principle quantum number

Answer 10

main shell: size of orbital

Question 11

What is the angular quantum number

Answer 11

sub shell : shape of orbital

Question 12

What is the magnetic quantum number

Answer 12

(number of orbitals in sub shell): orientation of orbitals

Question 13

What is the spin quantum number

Answer 13

spin of electrons within orbital (-1/2 and + 1/2)

Question 14

What are quantum numbers

Answer 14

set of numbers used to describe the position and energy of the electron in the atom

Question 15

Stability of nucleus in radioactive isotopes

Answer 15

ratio of neutron:proton

Question 16

Heavy nuclei in radioactive isotopes

Answer 16

increasing number of protons, increasing charge

Question 17

Light nuclei in radioactive isotopes

Answer 17

‘odd’ neutron: proton ratio

Question 18

Heavy nuclei alpha decay

Answer 18

makes helium (4/2 He)

Question 19

Light and heavy nuclei beta decay

Answer 19

electron (0/-1 e)

Question 20

Light nuclei: beta + - radiation

Answer 20

0/-1 e + 0/+1 e -> 0/0gamma

Question 21

Unit to measure radiation activity

Answer 21

becquerel 1 disintergratiins

Question 22

Unit to measure absorbed radiation

Answer 22

gray 1 J/Kg = 1Gy

Question 23

unit to measure biological damage of radiation

Answer 23

sievert 1 Gy x factor = 1sv. Factors (1 for beta, gamma and x-rays. 10 for high energy protons/neutrons), 20 for alpha radiation

Question 24

What is transmutation

Answer 24

conversion of stable isotopes into radioactive using fast moving particles

Question 25

Application of radioactive elements

Answer 25

carbon dating, radio immuno asssay, medical (visulisation, treatment), energy generation (fission/fusion)

Question 26

What is nuclear fusion and fission

Answer 26

fission - splitting into smaller atoms. Fusion - joining 2