Atomic structure Flashcards
What are atoms
Atoms are the simplest form of an element that exists and can take part in a chemical reaction
What are atoms made of
Atoms are made from smaller subatomic particles
What are the subatomic particles that make up an atom
The subatomic particles are protons, neutrons and electrons. Electrons surround the nucleus of the atom which consists of protons and neutrons
What is the mass of the atom determined from
The mass of an atom is determined from the amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. This is because electrons don’t have an appreciable mass
What is the mass of each subatomic particle
Protons: 1
Neutrons: 1
Electrons: 1/2000
What is the electric charge of each subatomic particle
Protons: +1
Neutrons: 0
Electrons: -1
What does the mass number give
The mass number gives the amount of protons and neutrons in the atom
What does the atomic number give
The atomic number gives the amount of protons in the atom
How is the number of electrons relative to the number of protons
The number of electrons is the same as the number of protons, as atoms have no overall electrical charge
How are electrons arranged
Electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus
What is the electronic configuration of an atom
The electronic configuration of an atom is a description of how the electrons are arranged in the shells
What is the maximum capacity for each of the first four cells
first: 2
second: 8
third: 8
fourth: 2
What is an example of an electronic configuration
2.8.3
What is the group number
The group number is the amount of electrons in the outer shell
What is the period number
The period number is the number of shells an element has
What is the name given to group number 1
Group number 1 is Alkali metals
What is the name given to group number 2
Group number 2 is Alkaline earth metals
What is the name given to group number 7
Group number 7 is Halogen
What is the name given to group number 8
Group number 8 is Noble gasses
What are isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons but have a different number of neutrons
What are ions
Ions are charged particles formed when atoms gain/lose electrons in a reaction
Why do atoms gain/lose electrons
Atoms gain/lose electrons in order to acquire a full outer shell that helps them be more stable
How do metal atoms form ions
Metal atoms tend to lose electrons, forming positively charged particles called cations
How do non-metal atoms form ions
Non-metal atoms tend to gain electrons, forming negatively charged ions called anions
What determines the identity of an element
The identity of an element is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus
What is the new name of a magnesium ion
Mg2+
What is the new name of an oxide ion
O2-
