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Chemistry > Atomic structure > Flashcards

Atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the state symbol ‘(aq)’ represent

A

Aqueous solutions

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2
Q

What two substances does filtration separate

A

Insoluble in solvent from soluble in a solvent

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3
Q

What 2 substances does crystallisation separate

A

Soluble solid from solvent

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4
Q

the total ___ of reactants is the same as that of the products because of the ___ of ___________ of _____

A

.Mass

.Law of conservation of mass

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5
Q

Name 3 methods for separating mixtures

A

.Filtration
.Crystallisation
.Distillation

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6
Q

What 2 substances does distillation separate

A

Solvent from a soluble solid that has been dissolved in it

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7
Q

What liquid is collected first in fractional distillation

A

The one with the lowest boiling points

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8
Q

What does fractional distillation separate

A

A mixture of liquids with different boiling points .

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9
Q

What property of the substances does paper chromatography separate mixtures based upon

A

Solubility of the compounds within the solvent

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10
Q

What is a solvent

A

the component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount and is where the solute is dissolved.

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11
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron

A

P:1
N:1
E: nearly 0

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12
Q

What is the atomic number

A

Number of protons/electrons in the atom

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13
Q

What is the mass number of an atom

A

Number of protons/electrons + neutrons

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14
Q

What happens when an atom gains electrons

A

It forms a negative ion

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15
Q

How large is an atom in metres across

A

1 x 10 (to the negative 10)

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16
Q

How does one calculate the number of neutrons in an atom

A

Mass number - atomic number

17
Q

How do isotopes differ from the regular atom and give an example

A

They have different physical properties such as in density

18
Q

What were atoms thought to be before the discovery of electrons

A

Tiny spheres that couldn’t be divided

19
Q

What is the electronic structure of an atom with 16 electrons

A

2,8,6

19
Q

How reactive are noble gases and what is the anomaly in the group

A
  1. Very un reactive

2. Helium (only 2 outer shell electrons)

20
Q

Why are no new substances made in the separation of a mixture

A

Because physical processes are used for the separation

21
Q

what were the results of the alpha particle scattering experiment

A

1) The mass of the atom was concentrated in the nucleus

2) The nucleus was charged

22
Q

What did Niels Bohr suggest

A

That electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

23
Q

What did James Chadwick’s research prove

A

The existence of neutrons in the nucleus

Chemistry (13 decks)

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