Atomic structure Flashcards
What does the state symbol ‘(aq)’ represent
Aqueous solutions
What two substances does filtration separate
Insoluble in solvent from soluble in a solvent
What 2 substances does crystallisation separate
Soluble solid from solvent
the total ___ of reactants is the same as that of the products because of the ___ of ___________ of _____
.Mass
.Law of conservation of mass
Name 3 methods for separating mixtures
.Filtration
.Crystallisation
.Distillation
What 2 substances does distillation separate
Solvent from a soluble solid that has been dissolved in it
What liquid is collected first in fractional distillation
The one with the lowest boiling points
What does fractional distillation separate
A mixture of liquids with different boiling points .
What property of the substances does paper chromatography separate mixtures based upon
Solubility of the compounds within the solvent
What is a solvent
the component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount and is where the solute is dissolved.
What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron
P:1
N:1
E: nearly 0
What is the atomic number
Number of protons/electrons in the atom
What is the mass number of an atom
Number of protons/electrons + neutrons
What happens when an atom gains electrons
It forms a negative ion
How large is an atom in metres across
1 x 10 (to the negative 10)
How does one calculate the number of neutrons in an atom
Mass number - atomic number
How do isotopes differ from the regular atom and give an example
They have different physical properties such as in density
What were atoms thought to be before the discovery of electrons
Tiny spheres that couldn’t be divided
What is the electronic structure of an atom with 16 electrons
2,8,6
How reactive are noble gases and what is the anomaly in the group
- Very un reactive
2. Helium (only 2 outer shell electrons)
Why are no new substances made in the separation of a mixture
Because physical processes are used for the separation
what were the results of the alpha particle scattering experiment
1) The mass of the atom was concentrated in the nucleus
2) The nucleus was charged
What did Niels Bohr suggest
That electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances
What did James Chadwick’s research prove
The existence of neutrons in the nucleus
