Atomic Structure

Question 1

Atoms into ions

Answer 1

When atoms either lose or gain electrons they form ions

Question 2

Cation

Answer 2

These are positive ions and form when atoms lose electrons

Question 3

Anions

Answer 3

These are negative ions and form when atoms gain electrons

Question 4

What did Dalton state

Answer 4

All elements made up of small particles called atoms

Question 5

What did JJ Thomson do

Answer 5

Plum pudding model, stated negative electrons embedded in a positive sphere

Question 6

What did Rutherford do

Answer 6

Model had negative electrons orbiting a positive nucleus

Question 7

What did Chadwick do

Answer 7

Discovered the neutron

Question 8

Present day

Answer 8

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons orbiting around in shells

Question 9

Atomic number

Answer 9

Number of protons in an atom

Question 10

Mass number

Answer 10

The total number of protons and neutron in (the nucleus of) and atom

Question 11

Relative mass (atomic mass units) in a proton

Answer 11

1

Question 12

Relative mass (atomic mass units) in a neutron

Answer 12

1

Question 13

Relative mass (atomic mass units) in an electron

Answer 13

1/1840

Question 14

Relative charge of a proton

Answer 14

+1

Question 15

Relative charge of a neutron

Answer 15

0

Question 16

Relative charge of an electron

Answer 16

-1

Question 17

Proton position in an atom

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

Neutron position in an atom

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

Electron position in an atom

Answer 19

Shell

Question 20

Electrons in an orbit

Answer 20

1. Electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus.
2. The electrons enter the shell closest to the nucleus first.
3. Each shell must be filled with its full quota before starting to fill the next shell.
4. Shell number 1 (closest to the nucleus) can take a maximum of 2 electrons
5. All other shells have a maximum of 8 electrons

Question 21

Isotopes

Answer 21

Isotopes are atoms which have the same number of protons (so they are atoms of the same element) but they have a different number of neutrons (so they have a different mass number).

Question 22

Two common isotopes of chlorine

Answer 22

Chlorine- 35

Chlorine - 37

Question 23

Chlorine - 35 number of protons, electrons and neutrons

Answer 23

17 protons
17 electrons
18 neutrons

Question 24

Chlorine - 37 number of protons, electrons and neutrons

Answer 24

17 protons
17 electrons
20 neutrons