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Physics > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What charge does a Proton have?

A

1.6 x 10^-19 C

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2
Q

What charge does a Electron have?

A

-1.6 X 10^-19 C

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3
Q

What mass does a Proton and Neutron have?

A

1.67 x 10^-27 kg

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4
Q

What mass does an Electron have?

A

9.1 x 10^-31 kg

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5
Q

What’s the number of Protons called?

A

Atomic number

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6
Q

What letter represents the Atomic number?

A

Z

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7
Q

What 2 names represents the number of protons and neutrons in an atom?

A

Nucleons

The atomic mass

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8
Q

What letter represents the atomic mass number?

A

A

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9
Q

An element with a specific number of protons and neutrons is called what?

A

A Nuclide

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10
Q

What’s an Isotope?

A

Elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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11
Q

Give an example of an Isotope

A

Deuterium which is an isotope of Hydrogen

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12
Q

What’s an Isobar?

A

Nuclides with the atomic mass but different atomic number

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13
Q

How does nuclei containing multiple protons (positive charges) stay together?

A

The strong force (Nuclear binding energy)

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14
Q

What 2 things does the Nuclear binding energy represent?

A

The exact amount of energy required by the strong force to hold the nucleus together

The amount of energy required to break the strong force and allow the protons to escape the nucleus

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15
Q

What’s the Mass defect?

A

The entire nucleus weighs slightly less than the sum of its nucleons

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16
Q

How is the nucleus kept stable?

A

Neutrons

17
Q

What is the ratio of the number of protons to the number of neutrons in lighter nuclei?

A

1 : 1 ratio

18
Q

What is the ratio of the number of protons to the number of neutrons in heavier nuclei?

A

1 : 1.5 ratio

19
Q

What are unstable nuclides called?

A

Radionuclides

20
Q

What are unstable isotopes called?

A

Radioisotopes

21
Q

How do unstable nuclei become lighter and more stable?

A

By giving off energy in the form of radiation

22
Q

List the first 4 shell letters

A

K
L
M
N

23
Q

How do you calculate the maximum number of electrons a shell can hold?

A

2n^2

n = shell no.

24
Q

How many electrons does the M shell hold?

A

18

25
Q

Where do electrons hold a greater potential energy?

A

The further away they are from the nucleus

26
Q

How do electrons move up an energy level?

A

Gaining energy

27
Q

How do electrons move down an energy level?

A

losing energy

28
Q

What exists between the positive nucleus and the negative electron shells?

A

Electrostatic attraction

29
Q

What is electron binding energy?

A

The minimum amount of energy that is required to remove an electron from an atom

30
Q

What 2 things affect electron binding energy?

A

Shell level

Number of protons

31
Q

When the electrons are all in the correct shell, the atom is said to be?

A

At Ground state

32
Q

When an electron gains energy it can rise to a slightly higher energy state. What’s this called?

A

Excitation

33
Q

How does an electron escape from an atom?

A

When the electron receives enough energy to match the electron binding energy

34
Q

When an electron escapes from an atom, what’s this called?

A

Ionisation

35
Q

The downward movement of electrons moving into lower shells releases energy in what 2 ways?

A

Characteristic radiation

Auger electrons

36
Q

What does Characteristic radiation equal?

A

Difference in binding energy between the two shell levels

37
Q

What is an Auger electron?

A

When an electron receives enough energy it is released from the atom causing an electron to drop down to the lower shell to fill the vacancy. This releases energy which could then hit another electon causing it to escape the atom as an auger electron (If the energy is high enough).

38
Q

What’s an Ion?

A

An atom which has lost an electron

Physics (10 decks)

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