atomic phy

Question 1

atomic number

Answer 1

protons

Question 2

mass number

Answer 2

neutrons

Question 3

isotops

Answer 3

atoms of the same element having same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 4

unstable isotopes

Answer 4

the nuclei may split spontaneously (cant be triggered by an external energy source ) emmiting radio active particles

Question 5

radio active particles

Answer 5

alpha
beta
gamma

Question 6

ionizing effect

Answer 6

ability to make another atom lose electrons becoming an ion

Question 7

penetration range

Answer 7

distance a radio active particle can travel through a medium

Question 8

relationship between penetration range and ionizing effect

Answer 8

inversely proportional

Question 9

alpha particles

Answer 9

nature : 2 protons and 2 neutrons
charge: +2é
highest ionizing effect
lowest penetration range
could be stopped by a sheet of paper

Question 10

beta particles

Answer 10

nature: 1 electron emitted
charge: -1é
moderate ionizing effect
moderate penetration range
could be stopped by thick aluminum foil

Question 11

gamma particles

Answer 11

nature: electromagnetic wave
charge : 0 (no charge)
lowest ionizing effect
highest penetration range
could be stopped by thick lead layer or concrete

Question 12

beta decay

Answer 12

a neutron splits into a proton and electron emitting a beta particle
proton increases by 1
neutron decreases by 1

Question 13

alpha decay

Answer 13

when a nucleus emits an alpha particle it loses 2 protos and 2 neutrons forming a new element

Question 14

gamma decay

Answer 14

nucleus only loses energy

Question 15

deflection

Answer 15

alpha bends / deflects towards the -ve
beta bends/ deflects towards the +ve
gamma doesnt deflect

Question 16

nuclear reactions

Answer 16

fusion
fission

Question 17

fission

Answer 17

when a large nucleus splits into 2 daughter nuclei releasing energy
it is used to generate electricity for nuclear reactors

Question 18

fusion

Answer 18

2 small nuclei join together producing a large nucleus releasing energy
needs very high temperature and pressure causing it very difficult to preform on earth

Question 19

similarities between fusion and fission

Answer 19

both release energy and both happen in the sun

Question 20

GM-tube

Answer 20

a device that deflects radiation , kit relies on the ionising effect of radio active particles

Question 21

background radiation

Answer 21

radiation detected in the absence of a radio active source caused by an nonreactive nuclei around us

Question 22

sources of background radiation

Answer 22

1. cosmic rays
2. medical wastes
3. industrial wastes
4. volcanic rocks

Question 23

experiments to deduce type of radiation emitted

Answer 23

1. absorption
2. penetration rate
3. deflection

Question 23

Rutherford alpha scattering experiment concludes

Answer 23

1. most alpha particles are penetrated without deflection
2. they deflect at small angles
3. few particles rebound