Atomic Orbitals, Electronic Configurations and the Periodic Table Flashcards
What is the quantum number, n, and what does it represent?
Principal quantum number - Represents the main energy level.
What is the quantum number, l, and what does it represent?
Angular momentum quantum number - Represents the number and shape of the subshell.
What is the quantum number, m, and what does it represent?
Magnetic quantum number - Represents direction (changes depending on number of orbitals/type of subshell).
What is the quantum number, s, and what does it represent?
Spin quantum number - Indicates if the electron is spinning clockwise or anti clockwise (1/2 or -1/2).
How many electrons can be in a single orbital?
Two.
What are the 4 different types of subshell?
s, p, d, f
What is the angular momentum number, l, for an s subshell?
l = 0
What is the angular momentum number, l for a p subshell?
l = 1
What are the value(s) of m for an s subshell?
0
What are the value(s) of m for a p subshell?
-1, 0, 1
What are the value(s) of m for a d subshell?
-2, -1, 0, 1, 2
What shape are s orbitals?
Spherical.
How many orbitals are there within a p subshell?
3
How many orbitals are there within a d subshell?
5
What are degenerate orbitals?
Orbitals that have the same energy.
What does the Aufbau Principle state?
When electrons are placed into orbitals, the energy levels are filled up in order of increasing energy.
What does the Pauli Exclusion Principle state?
No two electrons in one atom can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers - an orbital cannot contain more than two electrons and they must have opposite spins.
What does Hund’s Rule state?
In degenerate orbitals, electrons will fill each orbital singly with spins parallel before pairing occurs.
What two elements appear not to follow the Aufbau principle and why?
Chromium and copper - half filled or completely filled d orbitals have more stability.
What subshell fills and empties before the 3d subshell?
4s subshell.
What are the blocks of the Periodic Table named after?
The type of outermost orbital being filled.
What is the trend in ionisation energy across a period?
Increases.
What is the trend in ionisation energy down a group?
Decreases.
What confers extra stability to the electrons in atoms?
Half filled and filled subshells.
