Atomic Nuclear Structures Flashcards
What are three components of an atom?
- Protons
- Electrons
- Neutrons
Charge and AMU of an Proton?
+1 charge and 1 AMU.
Charge and AMU of neutrons
No charge and 1 AMU.
Charge and mass of election
-1 charge, 1/1836 AMU
Where are protons and neutrons located in the atom?
Located in the nucleus, held together by the nuclear force.
Where are electrons in the atom?
Located in the electron shell/electron cloud which orbits around the nucleus.
How are electrons held in orbit?
- The attractive force between the electron and nucleus.
- Centrifugal force.
Excitation
The process of adding energy to a nucleus or electron cloud, causing it to transition from a ground state to an excited state.
Ionization
The process of adding or removing an electron from a stable atom
What are the symbols associated with atomic notation?
Z- Atomic Number
X- Chemical symbol
A- Atomic Mass Number
Atomic number
The number of protons in an atom.
Atomic mass number
= total number of protons and neutrons (the nucleons) in an atom
Nuclide
The specific number of protons and neutrons that make up an atom.
Radionuclide
A radioactive nuclide
Isotopes
Elements with the same number of protons (Z), but different numbers of neutrons (N).
What are four examples of an isotope?
H-1
H-3
Am-241
U-238
Po-210
Pb-210
Define contamination
A radioactive substance dispersed in or on materials or in places where it is undesirable.
Define radiation
Energy propagating in the forms of particles or electromagnetic waves.
What are the two types of radiation?
Particulate and electromagnetic.
Give the verbatim definition of Ionizing radiation
“Any electromagnetic or particulate radiation capable of producing ions, directly or indirectly, in its passage through matter”.
Direct ionizing radiation
DISREGARD
Charge particles radiations that produce ionizations. Interact directly with orbital electrons through electrostatic forces.
Indirect ionizing radiation
(DISREGARD
Electromagnetic and neutron radiation that produce fast moving charged particles through collisions with matter.
Three primary electric field interactions
*Ionization
*Excitation
*Bremsstrahlung
Describe ionization
Produces ion pairs; one or more free electrons along with a positively charged atom (ion). Both the charged atom and the free electrons can react with other atoms in their vicinity to produce changes in the material.
