Atomic Chemistry Flashcards
What make up atoms?
Electrons, protons and neutrons
What charges do thy all have?
Protons = positive charge
Neutron = no charge
Electrons = negative charge
What is the nucleus made of?
Protons and neutrons (they have the same amount)
Which rings hold how many electrons?
Ring 1 = 2 electrons
Ring 2 = 8 electrons
Ring 3 = 8 electrons
Ring 4 = 8 electrons
Do protons, electrons and neutrons have a mass
Protons have a mass
Neutrons have a mass
Electrons have no mass
Where are they all found?
Proton and neutrons in the nucleus
Electrons in the energy level
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
In terms of their mass number in ascending order. It makes it easier to find specific number
How are elements shown on the periodic table?
- Atomic number
- Element symbol
- Element name
- Atomic mass/mass number
What are the columns and rows on the periodic table called
Rows = periods (7)
Columns = groups (18)
What determines the element
The no. of protons ( adding protons moves to the next elements)
How do we find out the amount of protons?
The same as the atomic number
How do we find out the number of neutrons?
Atomic mass minus the atomic number
How do we find out the number of electrons?
They are equal to the number of protons
What relation do elements in the same period have?
They all have the same number of energy levels
What relation do elements in the same group have?
They have the same number of valence electrons (number of electrons in the outer most shell
Give me 5 characteristics of metals
Lustre (shiny)
Sonorous
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable
Ductile
Give me 3 characteristics of non-metals
Brittle
Non-malleable nor ductile
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
On which side of the periodic table are non-metals and metals
Left side up to the metalloids are metals and from the metalloids to the right are non-metals
What are metalloids?
Half metals
They are brittle, not malleable nor ductile, semi conductors of heat and electricity and are all solid at room temperature
What are alkali metals?
Found in group 1
Highly reactive to water and air, stored under paraffin, soft, don’t occur freely in nature
What are alkali metals?
Found in group 1
Highly reactive to water and air, stored under paraffin, soft, don’t occur freely in nature
What are alkali earth metals?
Found in group 2
Alkali solutions in water, reactive, stored in the earths crust, don’t occur freely in nature
What are transition metals?
38 elements, groups 3-12, typical metals, split into main and inner transitions
What are halogens?
Group 17 (7 valence electron)
Non-metal, reactive, all 3 states of matter, carcinogenic, unpleasant smell
What are noble gases?
Group 18 (8 valence electrons)
Rare/inert gases
