Atomic Bonding and Structure

Question 1

Who first proposed the nuclear atom?

Answer 1

Rutherford

Question 2

Who altered the model of the nuclear atom to allow electrons to follow certain paths?

Answer 2

Bohr

Question 3

How much smaller is the diameter of the nucleus to that of the whole atom?

Answer 3

10000 times

Question 4

What parts of an atom are found in the nucleus?

Answer 4

Protons and neutrons

Question 5

What part of the atom orbits the nucleus, and where do they orbit?

Answer 5

Electrons, in layers called shells

Question 6

What is the capacity of the first electron shell?

Answer 6

2 electrons

Question 7

What are the capacities of the second and third electron shells?

Answer 7

8 electrons

Question 8

What are the relative masses of the parts of the atom?

Answer 8

Proton - 1
Neutron - 1
Electron - 0/ negligible

Question 9

What are the relative charges of the parts of the atom?

Answer 9

Proton - +1
Neutron - 0
Electron - -1

Question 10

Why is an atom neutral?

Answer 10

There is the same number of positive protons as negative electons

Question 11

What is the atomic number?

Answer 11

The number of protons (equal to the number of electrons)

Question 12

What is the mass number?

Answer 12

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Question 13

How are electron arrangements written?

Answer 13

E.g. 2,8,8,2

This means there are 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, 8 in the third and 2 in the fourth

Question 14

How is the periodic table arranged?

Answer 14

Metals on the left, transition metals in the middle and non-metals on the right

Question 15

What does the group of an element tell you?

Answer 15

The amount of electrons in the element’s outer shell

Question 16

What does the period of an element tell you?

Answer 16

The amount of outer shells the element has

Question 17

What is an ion?

Answer 17

A positively or negatively charged atom

Question 18

Do metals gain or lose electrons when they form an ion?

Answer 18

Lose

Question 19

Do non-metals gain or lose electrons when they form an ion?

Answer 19

Gain

Question 20

How many electrons have the following ions gained or lost?

1. Cl-
2. Ca2+
3. N3-
4. Li+

Answer 20

1. Gained 1
2. Lost 2
3. Gained 3
4. Lost 1

Question 21

What type of bonding happens between two metal elements?

Answer 21

Metallic bonding

Question 22

What type of bonding happens between a metal and a non-metal element?

Answer 22

Ionic bonding

Question 23

What type of bonding happens between two non-metal elements?

Answer 23

Covalent bonding

Question 24

What happens in ionic bonding?

Answer 24

One or more atoms of a single element give electrons to another atom or atoms of another element, so that they all have a full outer shell. The atoms giving the electrons become positively charged, and the atoms receiving the electrons become negatively charged. They are bonded together, as opposite charges attract.

Question 25

What happens in covalent bonding?

Answer 25

Non-metal atoms share electrons in pairs so that they can fill their outer shells.

Question 26

What is a double bond?

Answer 26

Where two pairs of electrons are shared in a bond

Question 27

What is the radius of a typical atom?

Answer 27

1x10-10 metres, or 0.1 nanometres, or a tenth of a billionth of a metre

Question 28

What is the name for compounds with the same molecular formula but different display formula?

Answer 28

Isomers