ATOMIC Flashcards
The scientific theory that describes the structure and behavior of atoms.
Atomic Model
Proposed atoms as indivisible and indestructible spheres, similar to billiard balls.
John Dalton
Introduced the “plum pudding” model where electrons were embedded in a positively charged sphere, akin to raisins in a pudding.
Joseph John Thompson
Discovered the atomic nucleus through the gold foil experiment, suggesting a dense, positively charged nucleus orbited by electrons.
Ernest Rutherford
Suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed, discrete energy levels, similar to planets orbiting the sun.
Niels Bohr
Describes the behavior of electrons in atoms using probability clouds called orbitals within specific energy levels.
Quantum Mechanical Model
The arrangement of particles within an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Atomic Structure
Fundamental particles that constitute the building blocks of atoms and determine their properties.
Subatomic Particles
Positively charged particles found in the nucleus, determining the atom’s identity.
Protons
Neutral particles found in the nucleus, contributing to the atom’s mass.
Neutrons
Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels, influencing chemical behavior.
Electrons
Central core of the atom containing protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
Region surrounding the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found. Described by probability distributions rather than definite orbits.
Electron Cloud
Represented by various shapes (s, p, d, f) and orientations within energy levels. Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.
Orbitals
Shells or principal quantum levels where electrons orbit the nucleus.
Energy Levels
