Atom Test

Question 1

Wave particle duality

Answer 1

Electrons have both wave like and particle like properties. Moves like a wave with spread out energy but deposits energy at one point.

Question 2

Particle

Answer 2

Definite trajectory or path on which location and linear momentum are specified at each instant.

Question 3

Photoelectric effect

Answer 3

Ejection of electrons from metal when metal surface is exposed to UV radiation
-radiation needs frequency above threshold (photon radiation intensity does not matter)
-KE of ejected electron increases linearly with frequency of radiation

Question 4

Quantized Energy

Answer 4

Electrons can only possess discrete units of energy. Difference in energy between two energy levels is quantized.

Question 5

Aufbau Principle

Answer 5

Electrons fill lower energy orbitals first before higher energy orbitals

Question 6

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 6

No two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers. Electrons in an orbital must have opposite spins.

Question 7

Hund’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity

Answer 7

Electrons with parallel spin have to fill every orbital before doubling up in order to minimize e- repulsion’s. Electrons must have paired spins.

Question 8

Inert Pair Effect

Answer 8

Tendency of certain atoms to form cations with charges of two units lower than would be expected from the atom’s periodic table number. S-electrons have strong penetration abilities (low in energy) so they remain attached. Inner d shells have poor shielding abilities.

Question 9

NGC

Answer 9

Ends in np6

Question 10

Pseudo NGC

Answer 10

Ends in nd10

Question 11

MEER

Answer 11

Ends in nd5

Question 12

Spin magnetic quantum number

Answer 12

Up: counterclockwise
Down: clockwise

Question 13

Stern Gerlach Experiment

Answer 13

Shot narrow stream of silver atoms (one unpaired electron) through container with highly non uniform magnetic field. Observed two different spin states for silver atom. (Confirms electron has spin and spin orientation)

Question 14

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Answer 14

Experimental technique used to prove the structure and reactivity of molecules and ions that have unpaired electrons. Detects amount of energy needed to flip electron between its two spin orientations.

Question 15

Paramagnetism

Answer 15

Tendency of substance to move into magnetic field. Arises when there is at least one unpaired electron. Electrons are randomly aligned so it is weak.

Question 16

Ferromagnetism

Answer 16

Occurs when unpaired electrons align after external magnetic field applied. Adjacent unpaired electron spins become aligned into large domains.

Question 17

Domains

Answer 17

Regions of aligned electron spins in a ferromagnetic material that survive after applied magnetic field is removed

Question 18

Ferromagnetic materials

Answer 18

Iron, cobalt, fe3o4 magnetite. Electrons spin in same direction and have strong magnetic field

Question 19

Permanent magnets

Answer 19

Made by ferromagnetic materials

Question 20

Anti ferromagnetic material

Answer 20

Neighboring electron spins locked in anti parallel arrangement so magnetic moments cancel.

Question 21

Ferrofluids

Answer 21

Suspensions of magnetite in mineral oil. Magnetite form micelles. Oil holds them in place.

Question 22

D block metal cations

Answer 22

Paramagnetic D-block metal cations form aqueous colorful solutions because they absorb visible light that facilitate electronic transitions for unpaired d-block electrons

Question 23

Guoy Balance

Answer 23

Examined magnetic character of a sample

Question 24

Guoy balance results

Answer 24

Prep: sample hung so it lies partially between two poles of electromagnet. Applied magnetic field turned on

Paramagnetic: sample appears to weigh more because it is drawn into field

Diamagnetic: sample pushed out of the field. Appears to weigh less

Question 25

Free radical

Answer 25

Reactive species with odd number of electrons that is always paramagnetic

Question 26

Dfs overlay

Answer 26

Energy gaps between shells decrease as n gets larger. D and f approach each other.

Question 27

Cation orbital energy sequences

Answer 27

The s electrons disappear and dfs overlay region disappears. If more electrons are removed the inter shell gap increases.