Atmosphere Flashcards
Hadley circulation
A. Run north and south
B. 30 north 30south
Air descends (H)
C. At 0 (the equator) air rises (L)
At 0 (the equator) air rises (L)
- creator a pressure gradient from subtropical high to equatorial low.
- transfers heat from the surface of the earth toward the poles.
- Equator ward winds created
ward winds
Trade winds
- NE trade winds
2 SE trade winds
- winds blows from high pressure to low pressure
- hurricane are transporters of heat (earths sweating)
high pressure systems means adding to increasing the amount of pressures
Brings cold air
(High pressure not up) ⬇️
International convergent zone (ITCZ)
a. 2 wind systems of 2 hemisphere converge
1. influenced by land and water distribution
A. Continual masses cool and heat faster then bodies of water
B. In winter land is colder then water ( heat capacity)
C. In summer land is hotter then water.
1. Cool air becomes more dense & sinks, creating high⬇️ pressures area
2. Hot air is less dense. Air rises and create a low pressure system.
Solar radiation
A. Cause variations in
1. Temperature
2. Salinity
3. Density
B. Energy is transformed from wind to
ocean
1. Fraction cause between the twoEkman spiral
A. Ocean circulation
1. Force of winds
A. Air flows over creates friction called drag
B. As you increase the depth, the direction of the flow of water changes
C Nansen ship
D. Ekman
Drag
Air flows over
Surface layer who’s in the direction of the wind
Nansen ship
Fram collided w/an icebergs and floating with the wind
1. Angle of movement 45 to the right of the wind
a. Different due to carioles effect
- water layers dragged in the direction of the wind but Coriolis deflect water to the right of the wind direction
Ekman
Oceanographer developed an entire phenomenon
1. Each water layer drags the layer beneath it.
2. Coriolis affects the second layer and so on by deflecting successive layer or to the right
A. Resembles a spiral staircase
B. 300 feet or so the direction of the water flows is opposite that of the surface
Cordials effect
Caused by the rotation of the earth
A. Equatorial wind deflected to the right of the northern hemisphere
B. Equatorial winds deflect to the left in the Southern Hemisphere
C. Coriolis increases with latitude (Max at the poles)
***Affect currents and wind
💨💨💨💨
Cyclones + anti cyclones
A. Circulations in the pressure systems were known as cyclones
1. N. hemisphere counterclockwise
2. S. Hemisphere clockwise
B. So he mentioned in high-pressure system are known as anti-cyclones.
1.N. Hemisphere clockwise
2. S. Hemisphere clockwise
C. Air masses mixed and he’d is extinguished
1. Formation of cyclones and anti-cyclones
Jet streams
*Air flows in north poles
A. High-level fast air current that flows around the earth along polar limit of the West Shoreline
B. Path taken by cyclones and anti-cyclones are determined by the path of jet system
C. Characterized by and large unclutalion
Water spouts
A. Also associated with cyclone air movement
B. Funnel shaped
C. Very low pressure in the center
1. Water and air is viral rapidly inwords
D. Smaller than cyclones
E. Lasts up to 15 minutes
F. Occurs in spring early summer
What drives all this motion?
- Energy from the sun
2. Rotation of Earth
Hurricane
A. Begins as low-pressure cells that break away from the equatorial low-pressure belt.
Heat capacity
Transports of heat energy to heat deficient latitudes (higher latitudes)
- he energy is picked up from warm water the ocean
Hurricane classification
- 74mph-155+ winds
- Diameter exceeds 800km or 248 miles (average 200)
- high energy containment and on automatic bomb was set off in hurricane in the center no alteration to suck up energy
Hurricanes move westward in tradewinds
-Eventually move pole words carried by atmosphere her circulation and steered by high-level winds
- some loop, some stall or move rapidly
- at this point speed and direction or erratic
Hurricane losing energy on land and Cold Water.
- More friction
- water vapor cuts off
Hurricane releases enormous amount of energy
2000 billion hours each day equal to the power consumed of US in one year
Hurricanes are released lots of water
10- 20,000,000,000 (billion) tons
⬆️[]➡️⬇️[]
[= concentration
⬆️ increase of heat
*Coriolis to the right in and N hemisphere
- Coriols to the left in S hemisphere
Predictions
Can we predicted months in advance due to atmospheric conditions.
El Niño
Unusually warm water in the west equator Pacific
- cause strong long level westerly winds in tropics
- tears of hard storm system before it becomes a hurricane
El Nino years
Fewer hurricanes
-Equatorial stratosphere winds
- when’s that circled the Earls in the opposite direction for 12 to 16 months
- warm surface water nearby
African and Caribbean increase n. American hurricane
Category one hurricane
- winds 74-95 mph
- storm surge from 4 to 5 feet above normal
- damage more homes shrubs and some trees poorly constructed signs casual roads flooding.
Hurricane Lili
2002 made landfall on Louisiana coast as a category one hurricane
Hurricane Goston
2004 was a category one hurricane made landfall along the southern California coast
Category two hurricane
– winds 96 210 mph
– Storm surges generally from 6 to 8 feet above normal
-damage to shrubs trees some trees some roofing doors windows some damage of noting mobile homes for the construction signs and peers
- flood 2 to 4 hours before arrival of hurricane center
Hurricane Frances
Made landfall in southern Florida category 2
Hurricane Isabel
Do you thousand and three land mall near North Carolina category 2
Category three hurricane
Winds 111-130 mph
- storm surge 9 to 12 feet above normal
- Emerson shrubs trees mobile homes poorly constructed signs are destroyed low rising escape rooms are caught by rising water from 3 to 5 archer for her I have all of the center of the hurricane
Hurricane Jenny and Ivan
2004 category three made landfall in Florida and Alabama
Category 4 hurricane
–winds131–155mph
-storm surge 13-18ft above normal
Hurricane Charley
2004 for me landfall in Florida winds of 150 mph
Hurricane Dennis
2005 strong Cuba category 4 hurricane
Category five hurricane
-winds greater then 155mph
Destroys everything
Storm surge 18 feet above normal
Only three category category five hurricanes made landfall in United States since recording me again
Labor day hurricane
1935 struck Florida keys with minimum pressure of 192. Category five hurricane
Hurricane Camille
Strunk the Mississippi Gulf Coast causing 25 foot storm surge category five hurricane 1969
Hurricane Andrew
1992 when fall southern Miami-Dade County Florida causing $26.5 billion in losses and category five hurricane
Hurricane Wilma
2005 category five hurricane pressure of 182
ITCZ
International convergent zone
