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Marine Bio > Atmosphere > Flashcards

Atmosphere Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hadley circulation

A

A. Run north and south
B. 30 north 30south
Air descends (H)
C. At 0 (the equator) air rises (L)

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2
Q

At 0 (the equator) air rises (L)

A
  1. creator a pressure gradient from subtropical high to equatorial low.
  2. transfers heat from the surface of the earth toward the poles.
  3. Equator ward winds created
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3
Q

ward winds

Trade winds

A
  1. NE trade winds

2 SE trade winds

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4
Q
  • winds blows from high pressure to low pressure
A
  • hurricane are transporters of heat (earths sweating)
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5
Q

high pressure systems means adding to increasing the amount of pressures

A

Brings cold air

(High pressure not up) ⬇️

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6
Q

International convergent zone (ITCZ)

A

a. 2 wind systems of 2 hemisphere converge
1. influenced by land and water distribution
A. Continual masses cool and heat faster then bodies of water
B. In winter land is colder then water ( heat capacity)
C. In summer land is hotter then water.
1. Cool air becomes more dense & sinks, creating high⬇️ pressures area
2. Hot air is less dense. Air rises and create a low pressure system.

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7
Q

Solar radiation

A 
A. Cause variations in
     1. Temperature
      2.  Salinity
    3. Density
B. Energy is transformed from wind to 
ocean
    1. Fraction cause between the two
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8
Q

Ekman spiral

A

A. Ocean circulation
1. Force of winds
A. Air flows over creates friction called drag
B. As you increase the depth, the direction of the flow of water changes
C Nansen ship
D. Ekman

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9
Q

Drag

A

Air flows over

Surface layer who’s in the direction of the wind

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10
Q

Nansen ship

A

Fram collided w/an icebergs and floating with the wind

 1. Angle of movement 45 to the right of the wind
          a. Different due to carioles effect
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11
Q
  • water layers dragged in the direction of the wind but Coriolis deflect water to the right of the wind direction
A
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12
Q

Ekman

A

Oceanographer developed an entire phenomenon
1. Each water layer drags the layer beneath it.
2. Coriolis affects the second layer and so on by deflecting successive layer or to the right
A. Resembles a spiral staircase
B. 300 feet or so the direction of the water flows is opposite that of the surface

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13
Q

Cordials effect

A

Caused by the rotation of the earth
A. Equatorial wind deflected to the right of the northern hemisphere
B. Equatorial winds deflect to the left in the Southern Hemisphere
C. Coriolis increases with latitude (Max at the poles)

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14
Q

***Affect currents and wind

A

💨💨💨💨

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15
Q

Cyclones + anti cyclones

A

A. Circulations in the pressure systems were known as cyclones
1. N. hemisphere counterclockwise
2. S. Hemisphere clockwise
B. So he mentioned in high-pressure system are known as anti-cyclones.
1.N. Hemisphere clockwise
2. S. Hemisphere clockwise
C. Air masses mixed and he’d is extinguished
1. Formation of cyclones and anti-cyclones

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16
Q

Jet streams

A

*Air flows in north poles
A. High-level fast air current that flows around the earth along polar limit of the West Shoreline
B. Path taken by cyclones and anti-cyclones are determined by the path of jet system
C. Characterized by and large unclutalion

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17
Q

Water spouts

A

A. Also associated with cyclone air movement
B. Funnel shaped
C. Very low pressure in the center
1. Water and air is viral rapidly inwords
D. Smaller than cyclones
E. Lasts up to 15 minutes
F. Occurs in spring early summer

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18
Q

What drives all this motion?

A
  1. Energy from the sun

2. Rotation of Earth

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19
Q

Hurricane

A

A. Begins as low-pressure cells that break away from the equatorial low-pressure belt.

20
Q

Heat capacity

A

Transports of heat energy to heat deficient latitudes (higher latitudes)
- he energy is picked up from warm water the ocean

21
Q

Hurricane classification

A
  • 74mph-155+ winds
  • Diameter exceeds 800km or 248 miles (average 200)
  • high energy containment and on automatic bomb was set off in hurricane in the center no alteration to suck up energy
22
Q

Hurricanes move westward in tradewinds

A

-Eventually move pole words carried by atmosphere her circulation and steered by high-level winds

  • some loop, some stall or move rapidly
  • at this point speed and direction or erratic
23
Q

Hurricane losing energy on land and Cold Water.

A
  • More friction

- water vapor cuts off

24
Q

Hurricane releases enormous amount of energy

A

2000 billion hours each day equal to the power consumed of US in one year

25
Q

Hurricanes are released lots of water

A

10- 20,000,000,000 (billion) tons

26
Q

⬆️[]➡️⬇️[]

A

[= concentration

⬆️ increase of heat

27
Q

*Coriolis to the right in and N hemisphere

A
  • Coriols to the left in S hemisphere
28
Q

Predictions

A

Can we predicted months in advance due to atmospheric conditions.

29
Q

El Niño

A

Unusually warm water in the west equator Pacific

  • cause strong long level westerly winds in tropics
  • tears of hard storm system before it becomes a hurricane
30
Q

El Nino years

A

Fewer hurricanes
-Equatorial stratosphere winds
- when’s that circled the Earls in the opposite direction for 12 to 16 months
- warm surface water nearby
African and Caribbean increase n. American hurricane

31
Q

Category one hurricane

A
  • winds 74-95 mph
  • storm surge from 4 to 5 feet above normal
  • damage more homes shrubs and some trees poorly constructed signs casual roads flooding.
32
Q

Hurricane Lili

A

2002 made landfall on Louisiana coast as a category one hurricane

33
Q

Hurricane Goston

A

2004 was a category one hurricane made landfall along the southern California coast

34
Q

Category two hurricane

A

– winds 96 210 mph
– Storm surges generally from 6 to 8 feet above normal
-damage to shrubs trees some trees some roofing doors windows some damage of noting mobile homes for the construction signs and peers
- flood 2 to 4 hours before arrival of hurricane center

35
Q

Hurricane Frances

A

Made landfall in southern Florida category 2

36
Q

Hurricane Isabel

A

Do you thousand and three land mall near North Carolina category 2

37
Q

Category three hurricane

A

Winds 111-130 mph

  • storm surge 9 to 12 feet above normal
  • Emerson shrubs trees mobile homes poorly constructed signs are destroyed low rising escape rooms are caught by rising water from 3 to 5 archer for her I have all of the center of the hurricane
38
Q

Hurricane Jenny and Ivan

A

2004 category three made landfall in Florida and Alabama

39
Q

Category 4 hurricane

A

–winds131–155mph

-storm surge 13-18ft above normal

40
Q

Hurricane Charley

A

2004 for me landfall in Florida winds of 150 mph

41
Q

Hurricane Dennis

A

2005 strong Cuba category 4 hurricane

42
Q

Category five hurricane

A

-winds greater then 155mph
Destroys everything
Storm surge 18 feet above normal
Only three category category five hurricanes made landfall in United States since recording me again

43
Q

Labor day hurricane

A

1935 struck Florida keys with minimum pressure of 192. Category five hurricane

44
Q

Hurricane Camille

A

Strunk the Mississippi Gulf Coast causing 25 foot storm surge category five hurricane 1969

45
Q

Hurricane Andrew

A

1992 when fall southern Miami-Dade County Florida causing $26.5 billion in losses and category five hurricane

46
Q

Hurricane Wilma

A

2005 category five hurricane pressure of 182

47
Q

ITCZ

A

International convergent zone

Marine Bio (5 decks)

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