ATM Flashcards
“The dynamic, integrated management of air traffic and
airspace (including air traffic services, airspace
management, and air traffic flow management)—safely,
economically, and efficiently—through the provision of
facilities and seamless services in collaboration with all
parties and involving airborne and ground-based
functions.”
-It provides the connecting
infrastructure that enables
safe air transport services
for people and goods
through air traffic control
(ATC), air traffic flow
management (ATFM), and
airspace management.
Air Traffic Management (ATM )
3 types of air traffic Management air traffic control
(ATC), air traffic flow management (ATFM), and
airspace management.
Manages the separation of aircraft in the sky and at airports during takeoff and landing.
Air Traffic Control (ATC):
Sequences
aircraft along air routes and at airports to
ensure smooth operations.
Air Traffic Flow Management:
Organizes airspace
into routes and control areas to handle
traffic volumes and operational
requirements.
Airspace Management:
Who is responsible
for providing these
air navigation
services?
Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs)
These are the institutions that provide ATMs and other air
navigation services related to ATMs.
They manage air traffic by ensuring safe and efficient
operations through Communication, Navigation, and
Surveillance (CNS) equipment, procedures, and navigation data.
Air Navigation Service Providers
(ANSPs)
services are provided by
licensed air traffic control
operators (ATCOs) to prevent
aircraft collisions in the air and
on the ground and expedite and
maintain an orderly flow of air
traffic.
ATCOs undertakes this from
airport control towers and area
control centers (ACCs).
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
are facilities
responsible for managing
enroute air traffic within a
designated flight
information region (FIR).
Area Control Centers
(ACCs)
General Types of Air Traffic
Control 3
Tower Controllers:
Approach (Terminal) Controllers:
En Route Controllers:
Manage aircraft and vehicles on
runways, taxiways, and nearby
airspace using visual and
technological tools.
Tower Controllers
Oversee aircraft
departures and arrivals within
50 km of airports using radar
for sequencing and
separation.
Approach (Terminal)
Controllers:
Direct aircraft in upper airspace and
flight information regions (FIR)
during cruise using navigation
systems.
En Route Controllers:
The types of ATC services
depend on the following: 2
a.category of airspace
b.stage of a flight
CATEGORIES OF AIRSPACE
ICAO classified two primary
categories:
Uncontrolled airspace
Controlled airspace
It lacks ATC separation
services, with aircraft
often invisible to ATC.
Most light aircraft
operate here, governed
by ATM procedures.
Uncontrolled airspace
It is actively monitored
by ATC, requiring pilots
to obtain clearance to
enter. An aircraft will
pass through different
classes of airspace, in
which different rules
apply.
Controlled airspace
Typically
ranges from surface to
24,000 feet (FL240). This
includes most of the Class
B, C, D, and E airspace.
Lower Airspace:
Generally
starts from FL245 (24,500
feet) and extends to FL600
or higher, which is mostly
used for high-altitude
enroute flights.
Upper Airspace:
Pilots navigate using
landmarks, maintaining
visibility and cloud
separation, with ATC
providing traffic info but no
separation.
VFR
Pilots use instruments
for navigation in all weather,
with ATC managing collision
avoidance and precise
landings using ILS or GBAS.
IFR
Only IFR flights,
with ATC separation for all
flights.
Class A:
IFR and VFR flights
permitted, with ATC
separation for all flights.
Class B:
IFR and VFR flights
permitted, with ATC
separation for IFR flights
and traffic info for VFR
flights.
Class C:
IFR and VFR flights
permitted, with ATC
separation for IFR flights
and traffic info for VFR
flights.
Class D:
It is the vertical spacing
required between two aircraft
as they proceed, either along
the same route or to cross the
routes of each other if they
are in close proximity.
It is usually expressed relative
to specific altitudes in
hundreds of feet.
VERTICAL SEPARATION
ATCOs manage the flow of
aircraft so that they are vertically
and horizontally separated at
prescribed and safe distances
from other aircraft, from the
ground, and from protected
airspace.
They also arrange aircraft in an
order for landing and take-off
along organized flight paths
THE SAFE SEPARATION OF AIRCRAFT
These are applied to aircraft
moving in the same direction,
one behind the other, along
the same line or route, and
flying at the same level.
Lateral separation standards
can be in time (minutes) or
nautical miles.
LATERAL SEPARATIONS
It can be used for aircraft
making their final approach to
land instead of minimum
distances that are fixed
whatever the wind conditions.
Approaches enable
adaptation to weather
conditions.
TIME BASED MINIMUM
SEPARATIONS
These are publications issued by
or with the authority of a State
and containing aeronautical
information essential to air
navigation.
The AIP contains
details of regulations,
procedures, and
other information
pertinent to the
operation of aircraft
in the particular
country to which it
relates.
AERONAUTICAL
INFORMATION
PUBLICATIONS (AIPS)
