ATM Flashcards

Question

Task 1022 | Perform Preflight Inspection

Answer 1

CONDITIONS: With an H-60 helicopter and given the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL. STANDARDS: Appropriate common standards and the following additions/modifications: 1. RCM. a. Perform the pre-flight inspection IAW the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL. b. Review aircraft logbook for service intervals and deficiencies. c. Enter appropriate information on DA Form 2408-13 (Aircraft Status Information Record), and DA Form 2408-13-1 (Aircraft Inspection and Maintenance Record), IAW DA PAM 738-751 ifrequired. 2. NRCM. Assist in all before pre-flight and pre-flight duties IAW the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL, unit SOP, and for the designated duty position. DESCRIPTION: 1. Crew actions. a. The PC is responsible for ensuring that a pre-flight inspection is conducted using the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL. The PC may direct other crewmembers to complete elements of the pre-flight inspection as applicable and will verify that all checks have been completed IAW the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL. The PC will report any aircraft discrepancies that may affect the mission and will ensure that the appropriate information is entered on DA Form 2408-13 and DA Form 2408-13-1. b. The crewmembers will complete the assigned elements and report the results to the PC. 2. Procedures. a. Ensure the pre-flight inspection is conducted IAW the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL.If circumstances permit, accomplish pre-flight inspection during daylight hours. b. The NRCM, if available, will ensure all cowlings and equipment are secured upon completing the pre- flight. NIGHT OR NIGHT VISION GOGGLES CONSIDERATIONS: If performing the pre-flight inspection during the hours of darkness, a flashlight with an unfiltered lens to supplement available lighting should be used. Hydraulic leaks, oil leaks, and other defects are difficult to see using a flashlight with a colored lens. TC 3-04.4 contains details on preflight inspection at night. TRAINING AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS: 1. Training will be conducted at the aircraft. 2. Evaluation will be conducted at the aircraft. REFERENCES: Appropriate common references and DA PAM 738-751.

Answer 2

CONDITIONS: In an H-60 helicopter and given the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL. STANDARDS: Appropriate common standards and the following additions/modifications. 1. Perform procedures and checks IAW the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL and HIT check procedures. 2. Enter appropriate information on DA Form 2408-12, DA Form 2408-13, DA Form 2408-13-1, and the HIT log. 3. View exceedance data as required. DESCRIPTION: 1. Crew actions. a. Each crewmember will complete the required checks pertaining to the assigned crew duties IAW the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL. Crewmembers will coordinate with each other before entering data into aircraft systems. b. The pilot not on the controls (P) will read the CL and announce APU and engine starts. c. The appropriate crewmember(s) will clear the area around the aircraft before APU start and each engine start. d. A NRCM will perform duties as required by his or her duty position and as directed by the PC, IAW the unit SOP, while maintaining situational awareness. e. The PC will ensure the appropriate information is entered on DA Form 2408-12, DA Form 2408-13, DA Form 2408-13-1, the HIT log IAW the unit SOP, and DA PAM 738-751. f. Secure the aircraft after completing the flight IAW the aircraft current operator’s manual, the IETM EM 0271, TM 1-1500-250-23, and the unit SOP. 2. Procedures. Perform the before-starting-engine through before-leaving-helicopter checks IAW the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL. The call and response method should be used, as appropriate. The crewmember reading the CL will read the complete CL item. The crewmember performing the check will answer with the appropriate response. For example, for the call “Anti-collision/position lights – as required” the response might be “Anti-collision lights, both, night; position lights, steady, bright.” Responses that don’t clearly communicate action of information should not be used. For example, when responding to the call, “Systems – check” replying with “check” doesn’t clearly indicate that the systems are within the normal operating range. A response of “All in the normal operating range” communicates more accurate information. Perform the HIT check and when complete, record data on the HIT log. After the flight, enter all information required on the current Department of the Army (DA) forms. NIGHT OR NIGHT VISION GOGGLES CONSIDERATIONS: Before starting the engines, ensure that internal and external lights are operational and set. Internal lighting levels must be high enough to easily see the instruments and to start the engines without exceeding operating limitations. SNOW/SAND/DUST CONSIDERATIONS: Ensure all rotating components and inlets/exhausts are clear of ice and/or snow before starting APU/engines. TRAINING AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS: 1. Training may be conducted in the aircraft or the simulator. 2. Evaluation will be conducted in the aircraft unless FAC 3 or instrument APART is allowed in simulator. REFERENCES: Appropriate common references, DA PAM 738-751, the HIT log, IETM EM 0271, and TM 1- 1500-250-23.

Answer 3

CONDITIONS: In an H-60 helicopter, given VMC conditions. STANDARDS: Appropriate common standards and the following additions/modifications: 1. Brief airspace surveillance procedures prior to flight. This will include scan sectors. 2. Announce any unplanned drift or altitude changes, clear the aircraft, and immediately inform other crewmembers of all air traffic or obstacles that pose a threat to the aircraft. 3. Announce when attention is focused inside the aircraft using a time limit that is appropriate for the conditions and announce when attention is focused back outside. 4. Maintain airspace surveillance in assigned scan sectors. DESCRIPTION: 1. Crew Actions. a. The PC will brief airspace surveillance procedures prior to the flight. The briefing will include areas of responsibility and scan sectors. b. The P* will announce the intention to perform a specific maneuver and will remain focused outside the aircraft. The P* is responsible for clearing the aircraft and obstacle avoidance. c. The P and NRCM, as duties permit, will assist in clearing the aircraft and will provide adequate warning of obstacles, unusual drift, or altitude changes. The P and NRCM will announce when attention is focused inside the aircraft and again when attention is reestablished outside. d. When landing, the crew will confirm the suitability of the area and that the aircraft is clear of barriers. 2. Procedures. a. Maintain close surveillance of the surrounding airspace. Keep the aircraft clear from other aircraft and obstacles by maintaining visual surveillance (close, mid, and far areas) of the surrounding airspace. Inform the crew immediately of air traffic or obstacles that pose a threat to the aircraft. Call out the location of traffic or obstacles by the clock, altitude, and distance method. (The 12 o’clock position is at the nose of the aircraft.) Give distance in miles or fractions of miles for air traffic and in feet for ground obstacles. When reporting air traffic, specify the type of aircraft (fixed-wing or helicopter) and, if known, the model. The altitude of the air traffic should be reported as the same altitude, higher, or lower than the altitude at which you are flying. b. Prior to changing altitude, visually clear the aircraft for hazards and obstacles inclusive of what is ahead, above, below, and to the left and right of the aircraft. c. Prior to performing a descending flight maneuver, it may sometimes be desirable to perform clearing “S” turns to the left or right. The clearing “S” turns will provide the aircrew with a greater visual scan area. d. During a hover or hovering flight, inform the P* of any unannounced drift or altitude changes. When landing, the crew will confirm the suitability of the area. Note. The NRCM will Maintain Airspace Surveillance in support of the following tasks:  1038, Perform Hovering Flight  1040, Perform Visual Meteorological Condition Takeoff  1052, Perform Visual Meteorological Condition Maneuvers  1054, Select Landing Zone - Pickup Zone - Holding Area  1058, Perform Visual Meteorological Condition Approach  1155, Negotiate Wire Obstacles NIGHT OR NIGHT VISION GOGGLES CONSIDERATIONS: Using proper scanning techniques will assist in detecting traffic and obstacles, and in avoiding spatial disorientation. Hazards such as wires are difficult to detect. TRAINING AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS: 1. Training may be conducted in the aircraft or simulator. 2. Evaluation will be conducted in the aircraft. REFERENCES: Appropriate common references.

Answer 4

CONDITIONS: In an H-60 helicopter. STANDARDS: Appropriate common standards and the following additions/modifications: 1. RCM. a. Program, check, and operate aircraft avionics. b. Configure the appropriate tactical internet (J-VMF, EDM, and BFT) system for desired operation. c. Transmit, receive, review, and delete messages (J-VMF, EDM, and BFT) and mission information as required. d. Establish radio contact with the desired unit or air traffic control (ATC) facility. When communicating with ATC facilities, use correct radio communication procedures and phraseology IAW the DOD FLIP and Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration (DOT/FAA) 7110.65. e. Operate intercommunication system. f. Explain two-way radio failure procedures IAW the DOD FLIP or host-nation regulations. 2. NRCM. a. Operate intercommunication system. b. Use the appropriate radio to communicate with the desired facility (as required for NRCM.) DESCRIPTION: 1. Crew actions. a. The PC will determine radio frequencies per mission requirements during the crew briefing and will indicate whether the P* or P will establish and maintain primary communications. b. The P* will announce information not monitored by the P. c. The P will adjust avionics to required frequencies. The P will copy pertinent information and announce information not monitored by the P*. d. The P* is primarily responsible for obstacle avoidance and clearing the aircraft. e. During normal operations, the NRCM will monitor external communications so as not to interrupt when external communications are being transmitted or received. (Monitoring external communications may not be desirable during operations requiring extensive internal communication; for example, sling loads, hoist, rappelling, or emergencies.) f. Certain operations may require that the NRCM transmit on an aircraft radio; for example, MEDEVAC. The NRCM will coordinate with the PC before using aircraft radios. g. Crew actions for two-way radio failure: (1) P* or P will announce two-way radio failure to all crewmembers. (2) The PC will direct the efforts to identify and correct the avionics malfunction. (3) The P* will focus outside the aircraft VMC or inside IMC the instruments, as appropriate, but should not participate in troubleshooting the malfunction. (4) The P will remain focused primarily inside the aircraft to identify and correct the avionics malfunction. 2. Procedures. a. Operate system (J-VMF, EDM, and BFT) in accordance with the current technical manual and configure IAW unit SOP. b. Adjust avionics to the required frequencies. Continuously monitor the avionics as directed by the PC. When required, establish communications with the desired facility. Monitor the frequency before transmitting. Transmit the desired/required information. Use the correct radio call sign when acknowledging each communication. When advised to change frequencies, acknowledge instructions. Select the new frequency as soon as possible unless instructed to do so at a specific time, fix, or altitude. Use radio communication procedures and phraseology as appropriate for the area of operations. Use standard terms and phraseology for all intercommunications. c. Procedure for two-way radio failure. Attempt to identify and correct the malfunctioning radio and announce the results. If two-way radio failure is confirmed, comply with procedure outlined in the Flight Information Handbook. TRAINING AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS: 1. Training may be conducted in the aircraft or simulator . 2. Evaluation may be conducted in the aircraft or simulator. Additionally, two-way radio failure may be conducted academically. REFERENCES: Appropriate common references, Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration (DOT/FAA) 7110.65, TM 1-1680-377-13&P, and TM 11-7010-326-10.

Answer 5

WARNING - Failure to monitor fuel balancing operations could result in engine flameout because of fuel starvation. CONDITIONS: In an H-60 helicopter with a (CPU)-26A/P computer, calculator, or M/V FMS. STANDARDS: Appropriate common standards and the following additions/modifications: 1. RCM a. The PC will verify that the required amount of fuel is onboard at the time of takeoff. b. Initiate an alternate course of action if the actual fuel consumption varies from the planned value and the flight cannot be completed without the planned use of the required reserve. c. Balance/manage fuel tank levels to maintain aircraft within CG limits. 2. RCM/NRCM a. Initiate an in-flight fuel consumption check within 10 minutes of leveling off or within 10 minutes of entering into the mission profile. b. Within 15 to 30 minutes after taking the initial readings, compute the fuel consumption rate ±50 pounds per hour and complete the fuel consumption check. c. Monitor the remaining fuel quantity and the continuing rate of consumption. DESCRIPTION: 1. Crew actions. a. Prior to takeoff the crew will verify the required amount of fuel is onboard at the time of takeoff. The P or NRCM will record the initial fuel figures, fuel flow computation, burnout, and reserve times. The P or NRCM will announce when initiating the fuel check and when completing the fuel check. The P or NRCM also will announce the results of the fuel check. b. The P* will acknowledge the results of the fuel check. c. The PC will confirm the results of the fuel check. d. If applicable, the P will announce when the fuel transfer switch or fuel selector lever(s) are repositioned and when the fuel transfer/balancing operation is completed. e. The NRCM will acknowledge and monitor the fuel transfer/balancing operation until the operation is completed. 2. Procedures. a. When performing the before takeoff check, determine the total fuel onboard, and compare it with fuel required for the mission. If the fuel onboard is inadequate, add sufficient fuel or abort or revise the mission. b. Initial airborne fuel reading. Within 10 minutes after leveling off or within 10 minutes of entering into the mission profile, record the total fuel quantity and the time of reading. Complete the fuel consumption check 15 to 30 minutes after taking the initial airborne fuel reading. Determine whether the remaining fuel is sufficient to complete the flight without the planned use of the required reserve. Note. Crews should verify ability to transfer fuel from external to internal tanks before using external tank fuel quantities in fuel reserve/burnout computations. Note. Do not perform fuel consumption checks while transferring fuel from external fuel tank(s) to internal fuel tanks. c. Fuel quantity and consumption. Periodically monitor the fuel quantity and consumption rate. If the fuel quantity or flow indicates a deviation from computed values, repeat the fuel consumption check to determine if the amount of fuel is adequate to complete the flight. Periodically check individual fuel tank indicators to determine that the system is operating properly. Note. If an emergency or urgent situation requires placing an ENG FUEL SYS selector to cross-feed (for example, fuel filter bypass caution light), recalculate burnout time and reserve entry time based on the usable fuel remaining. d. Main fuel balance operations. Place the ENG FUEL SYS selector of the lowest fuel indicator to crossfeed (XFD). After the fuel quantities equalize, return the selector to direct (DIR). e. Auxiliary fuel management. Follow procedures outlined in the aircraft current operator’s manual when using the external extended range fuel system. When using nonstandard auxiliary fuel systems, use the appropriate manufacturer’s operator’s manuals. TRAINING AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS: 1. Training may be conducted in the aircraft or simulator. 2. Evaluation may be conducted in the aircraft or simulator. REFERENCES: Appropriate common references and the manufacturer's operator’s manual.

Answer 6

CONDITIONS: In an H-60 helicopter and given a slope area. STANDARDS: Appropriate common standards and the following additions/modifications: 1. RCM. a. Select a suitable landing area. b. Set the parking brake before landing. c. Perform a smooth and controlled descent and touchdown. d. Maintain heading ±5 degrees. e. Do not allow aircraft to drift ±3 feet until touchdown. Then no drift allowed. f. Perform a smooth and controlled ascent from the surface. 2. NRCM. a. Confirm suitable landing area. b. Confirm parking brake set before landing. c. Announce drift and altitude. DESCRIPTION: 1. Crew actions. a. The P* will announce his or her intent to perform a slope operation and establish the helicopter over the slope. The P* will ensure the brakes are set and will announce his or her intended landing area and any deviation from the intended maneuver. P* should be aware of the common tendency to become tense and, as a result, to over control the aircraft while performing the slope operation. The P* will note the aircraft attitude at a hover, prior to starting descent to land on the slope. b. The P and NRCM will provide adequate warning of obstacles, unannounced drift, or altitude changes. The P will assist in setting the parking brakes and verify when they are set. The P will note the aircraft attitude on the VSI, and notify the P* prior to exceeding aircraft slope limitations. The P and NRCM will confirm the suitability of the intended landing area and announce when their attention is focused inside the aircraft and again when attention is reestablished outside. 2. Procedures. a. Landing. Select a suitable area for slope operations. If possible, orient the aircraft into the wind. Set the parking brakes. Announce the initiation of the slope landing. Smoothly lower the collective until the tail or main landing gear contacts the ground. Adjust the cyclic to maintain the aircraft in a level attitude while maintaining heading with the pedals. Continue lowering the collective and simultaneously apply cyclic into the slope to maintain the position of the up slope wheel until the landing gear is firmly on the ground. Coordinate the collective and cyclic to control the rate of attitude change when lowering the down slope gear to the slope. With the down slope gear on the ground, simultaneously lower the collective full down and neutralize the cyclic. If cyclic or aircraft slope limits are reached before the aircraft is firmly on the ground, return the aircraft to a hover. Select a new area where the slope is less steep and attempt another slope landing. b. Takeoff. Before takeoff, announce initiation of an ascent. Smoothly increase the collective and apply the cyclic into the slope to maintain the position of the up slope wheel. Continue to increase the collective to raise the down slope wheel(s), maintain heading with the pedals, and simultaneously adjust the cyclic to attain a hover attitude. As the aircraft leaves the ground, adjust the cyclic to accomplish a vertical ascent to a hover with minimum drift. Note. Before performing slope operations, the crew must understand dynamic roll over and droop stop pounding characteristics. Note. When the tail wheel is locked and on the ground, over controlling the pedals may result in roll oscillations caused by the thrust of the tail rotor. Note. Crewmembers must be aware of the helicopter’s normal hovering attitude before putting a wheel on the ground. NIGHT OR NIGHT VISION GOGGLES CONSIDERATIONS: When conducting slope operations, determine the need for artificial illumination before starting the maneuver. Select reference points to determine slope angles. (References probably will be limited and difficult to ascertain.) If, at any time, successful completion of the landing is doubtful, abort the maneuver. When performing operations during unaided night flight, ensure that the searchlight or landing light (white light) is in the desired position. Using the white light will impair night vision for several minutes. Therefore, exercise added caution if resuming flight before reaching fully dark adaptation. TRAINING AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS: 1. Training will be conducted in the aircraft. 2. Evaluation will be conducted in the aircraft. REFERENCES: Appropriate common references.

Answer 7

CONDITIONS: In an H-60 helicopter with an extended range fuel system (ERFS) consisting of the appropriate fuel tanks. Note. ERFS encompasses any authorized extended range fuel system such as crashworthy external fuel system (CEFS), and internal auxiliary fuel system (Robertson). STANDARDS: Appropriate common standards and the following additions/modifications: 1. RCM. a. Verify that the required amount of fuel is onboard at the time of each takeoff. b. Initiate an alternate course of action if the actual fuel consumption varies from the planned value and the flight cannot be completed with the required reserve. c. Balance/manage fuel tank levels (if appropriate) to maintain aircraft within CGlimits. d. Verify that the aircraft will remain within weight and CG limitations for the duration of the flight. e. Recognize and respond to ERFS malfunctions. f. Perform or describe appropriate emergency procedures IAW the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL. 2. NRCM. a. Complete all preflight duties IAW the aircraft current operator’s manual/CL and unit SOP. b. Recognize and alert the P to ERFS malfunctions. DESCRIPTION: Monitor the main fuel quantity indicators and the auxiliary fuel management panel to ensure that the system is operating normally. Operate the fuel management system panel in the AUTO or MANUAL mode, as required. TRAINING AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS: 1. Training may be conducted in the aircraft or simulator. 2. Evaluation will be conducted in the aircraft. REFERENCES: Appropriate common references.

Answer 8

CONDITIONS: In a rotary wing aircraft, you encounter a specific emergency, warning, caution, or advisory. STANDARDS: Appropriate common standards and the following additions/modifications: 1. RCM. a. Conduct the Emergency Response Method (fly, alert, diagnose, execute, communicate-fly [FADEC-F]) upon recognition of an emergency. b. Select a suitable landing area, if required. 2. NRCM (if applicable). a. Assist in identifying the emergency condition or system malfunction. b. Assist in the conduct of the emergency response method. c. Assist in confirming the suitability of the landing area, if required. d. Prepare the aircraft and passengers for an emergency landing. e. Evacuate passengers to designated assembly area. DESCRIPTION: 1. Crew actions. The urgency of certain emergencies requires immediate and instinctive action by the P*. The most important single consideration is helicopter control. All procedures are subordinate to this requirement. a. The P* will accomplish steps that must be performed immediately and instinctively in an emergency situation to maintain helicopter control. Those steps that are underlined in the CL must be performed from memory. b. When the crew identifies an emergency or system malfunction they will conduct the emergency response method below (FADEC-F): (1) F – Fly the aircraft. The most important single consideration is aircraft control. Aircrew's should consider jettisoning external stores and external cargo (if required) to establish or maintain a safe flight profile. Disengaging from coupled flight may assist in maintaining the aircraft within operating limits. Aircrew's should place the aircraft in a single engine profile, or safest flight profile that the conditions permit, any time there are indications that could result in the eventual failure of one or both engines. The P* will adjust the flight controls as necessary to achieve the following: • Safe rotor speed. NR stabilized and within aircraft limits. When continued flight is in question, due to a loss of rotor RPM or reduction of available power (as a result of equipment malfunctions or environmental conditions), the immediate corrective action should be to adjust collective to maintain NR within limits. • Safe attitude. Level the wings on the attitude indicator or appropriate symbology. • Safe altitude. If able, level off or climb (as necessary), unless descending as a result of the emergency. • Safe speed. Achieve safe single engine airspeed if possible or achieve the best airspeed to maintain the minimum rate of descent or best autorotation airspeed for the situation. • Safe heading. The aircraft should be oriented toward a landing area and away from danger. (2) A – Alert the crew to the problem. While aircraft control is the primary concern, it is important to near simultaneously alert the crew to the emergency condition. (3) D – Diagnose the emergency condition or system malfunction. Malfunction analysis should be conducted using the helicopter indications, the current CL, and input from both RCM and NRCM as applicable. The cockpit indications may be preceded or accompanied by unusual helicopter vibration, abnormal control actions, or a change in ambient helicopter noise. (4) E – Execute the emergency procedure. Crews will accomplish underlined steps from memory, when time does not allow the use of the CL, or its use becomes a hazard to flight. All other steps will be accomplished utilizing the helicopter current CL. (5) C – Communicate. The PIC will communicate a plan of action to the crew (e.g. landing plan). The crew will then communicate outside of the aircraft as necessary (e.g. MAYDAY call). (6) F – Fly the aircraft. The P* will remain focused outside and continue to maintain control of the helicopter until the completion of the emergency or safe landing, shut down, and egress. c. The P will perform as directed or briefed. If time permits, the P will verify all actions with the aircraft CL as well as assist in executing the emergency response method (FADEC-F). d. The NRCM will assist the crew in malfunction analysis by explicitly relaying indications of an emergency situation from their crew station. They will then assist as directed during the conduct of the emergency response method. The NRCM will prepare passengers for an emergency landing. During the descent, the NRCM will assist in identifying a suitable landing area as applicable. After landing, the NRCM will assist in evacuating the passengers to the designated assemble area. After accounting for all crewmembers and passengers, the NRCM will assist the other crewmembers in any follow-on actions. 2. Procedures. Perform the Emergency Response Method (FADEC-F), conduct the appropriate emergency procedure IAW the appropriate operator's manual, and safely land the aircraft. NIGHT OR NIGHT VISION GOGGLES CONSIDERATIONS: Take special precautions to identify the correct switches/levers when performing EPs at night or while wearing NVD. TRAINING AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS: 1. ACMs will complete a minimum of 3.0 hours of emergency procedure training within their annual aircrew training period. Focus should be on emergency procedures containing immediate action (IA) steps and for CL trained/equipped ACM, utilization of CLs. Training will be conducted in the helicopter or the TFPS, (if authorized) and academically. 2. ACMs must respond to a minimum of three (3) emergency procedure scenarios during the conduct of annual standardization evaluations, NVG evaluations, and PFE's', Evaluation may be conducted in the helicopter, simulator, or academically. 3. During the conduct of annual standardization evaluations, NVG evaluations, and PFE's a crewmember must respond to a minimum of three (3) emergency procedure scenarios in the helicopter, (or if authorized) simulator. Emphasis should be placed on selecting critical emergencies that require immediate and instinctive action by the pilot such situations involving the loss of NR, loss of engine(s), and fires. REFERENCES: Appropriate common references, AR 95-1, current operator’s manual and CL.

ATM Flashcards

(32 cards)