Atkinson–Shiffrin multi-store model of memorya: sensory and STM Flashcards
Atkinson–Shiffrin multi-store model of memory
representation + explanation of memory as consisting of three separate stores called sensory, short and long-term memory, differing in function, duration and capacity
Structural features
Function: purpose and role
Capacity: amount or info it can hold at given moment
Duration: length of time it can hold
Sensory Memory
the entry point of memory where new incoming sensory info is stored in its original, raw state, for a very brief time.–> recovery of info form the enviornment
–> it remains just long enough for us to attend to and select info to be transferred into STM for processing
–> IF NOT ATTNTED: The memory trace decays and is lost (may be permanent)
Duration of sensory Memory: iconic, echoic memory
ICONIC MEMORY: Visual memory for incoming sensory info that stores visuals info from its original form for about a third of a second. (0.3 SECONDS)
ECHOIC MEMORY: auditory sensory memory for incoming auditory info that sores sounds in their original form for about 3-4 seconds.
—> It lingers in our ears
Differences between Iconic and Echoic Memory
ECHOIC MEMORY stores info for longer periods than iconic 3-4 seconds while VISUAL MEMORY info is retained in iconic memory for an average of 0.3 seconds.
Short term memory
memory system with limited storage capacity in which info is stored for a relatively short time unless renewed in some way–> also remains in our conscious awareness and function as working memory.
Duration of of short term memory
Temporary 18-20 seconds however can get up to 30 seconds of rehearsing. —> can linger for around 30 seconds
common method of renewal
continual repetition (maintanence rehearsal)–>Rhersal is crucial to enable for further encoding and preventing decay of the meory trace. Helps strengthen LTM.
E.G if u repeat previously unknwon number over and over to yourself, it can be retained in STM indefinitely. But if someone tell u their number but u are distracted by something else that requires your attention. U are more likely to forget their number immediately.
Capacity of short-term memory: Chunking
The grouping of separate pieces of info into one or more larger units or larger units or ‘chunk’ of info.
When STM is FULL, new items can only be added by PUSHING OUT OLD ITEMS OUT.
Decay of STM
occurs when info is not renewed e.g (through repetition) and simply fades away with time.
