ATI Unit 2 Parkison's Disease

Question 1

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 1

- neurodegenerative condition where basal ganglia are overstimulated causing overproduction of ACl and substantia nigra doesn't produce enough dopamine
4 main features
1) bradykinesia (slow movemnt)
2) tremors
3) muscle rigidity
4) postural instability

• either decrease ACl or increase Dopamine

Question 2

risk factors for parkinson’s

Answer 2

• male between 40-60
• taking anti-psychotics
• genetic

Question 3

manifestations of parkinson’s

Answer 3

• stooped posture
• shuffling gate
• hand tremors
• slow speech
• mask-like face
• muscle rigidity
• postural instibility
• mood swings
• drooling
• dementia
• PILL-rolling

*diagnosis made based on symptoms

Question 4

things to remember

Answer 4

• liquid food thickeners
• communication/muscle strengthening
• exercise, pace yourself
• frequent rest periods

Question 5

meds for parkinson’s

Answer 5

1) dopaminergics
- levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) converted to dopamine in brain

2) dopamine agonists
- bromocriptine (Parlodel), ropinirole (Requip), pramipexole (Mirapex) - ortho hypo, dyskinesia, hallucinations

3) anticholinergics - for tremors/rigidity remember can’t see can’t spit etc
- benztropine (Cogentin), trihexyphenidyl (Artane)

4) catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors
- decrease breakdown of levodopa
- diarrhea
- dark urine is normal finding

5) antivirals like amantadine (Symmetrel) stimulate release of DE and reuptake prevention
- monitor for swollen ankles and discoloration of skin
- may also experience atropine-like effects

Question 6

surgical interventions for parkinson’s

Answer 6

1) stereotactic pallidotomy

2) deep brain stimulation - implant with magnet

Question 7

Complications

Answer 7

1) aspiration pneumonia
- dysphagia cause

2) altered cognition (dementia, memory stuff)