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My Foundations > ATI Quiz 2 > Flashcards

ATI Quiz 2 Flashcards

0
Q

use of precise practices to REDUCE the number, growth, and spread of micro-organisms (clean technique)

A

medical asepsis

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1
Q

the absence of illness- producing micro-organisms

A

asepsis

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2
Q

use of precise practices to ELIMINATE all micro-organisms from and abject or area and prevent contamination (sterile technique)

A

surgical asepsis

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3
Q

what kind of allergy must be check for before beginning a procedure that requires aseptic technique

A

latex

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4
Q

3 essential components of handwashing

A

soap
running water
friction

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5
Q

when should hand hygiene be performed

A
  • before and after client contact
  • before and after gloves
  • before and after eating
  • between certain tasks on the same patient to prevent cross-contamination of different body sites
  • after using the restroom
  • if hands are visibly soiled
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6
Q

how long should you wash your hands for? (normal & visibly soiled)

A

15 seconds

up to 2 minutes if visibly soiled

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7
Q

what are some examples of PPE

A

masks
gloves
gowns
protective eyewear

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8
Q

factors affecting clients’ ability to protect themselves

A 
age
mobility
cognitive and sensory awareness
emotional state
ability to communicate
lifestyle and safety awareness
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9
Q

people who are at increased risk for falls

A 
older adults
decreased vision
general weakness
urinary frequency
balance problems
cognitive dysfunction
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10
Q

some examples of measure to prevent falls

A 
call light
wristbands
regular toileting
orienting 
frequently used items within reach for the patient
bed in low position
bed rails up (half)
use sensors
educate patient and family
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11
Q

sudden urge of electrical activity in the brain due to epilepsy, fever, or a variety of medical conditions

A

seizure

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12
Q

seizure precautions:

A

rescue equipment at bedside (oxygen, oral airway, suction, padding)
remove unnecessary items from room
assist with ambulation and transferring

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13
Q

what to do during seizure

A 
stay with patient 
call for help
check clock and keep time
do not restrain
lower bed
protect head
remove nearby furniture
put patient on side with head flexed forward if possible
loosen clothing
note duration and type of movement
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14
Q

nursing responsibilities with a patients in restraints

A 
assess skin every 2 hours
offer food and fluid
provide means for hygiene and elimination
monitor vitals
offer range of motion for extremities
explain need to patient and family
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15
Q

when can a nurse apply restraints without a presciption?

A

in an emergency, and the prescription and provider assessment must occur within the hour

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16
Q

what does the fire safety acronym RACE stand for?

A

rescue (those in close proximity)
alarm
contain (close doors and windows around fire)
extinguish (if possible)

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17
Q

three classes (ABC) of fire extinguishers

A

A- for paper, wood, upholstery, rags, other trash fires
B- for flammable liquids and gas fires
C- for electrical fires

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18
Q

what does the acronym PASS stand for when using a fire extinguisher?

A

P-pull pin
A- aim at base of fire
S- squeeze lever
S- sweep extinguisher from side to side

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19
Q

what are some in home risks for infants and toddlers

A 
aspiration
suffocation
drowning
poisoning
falls
motor vehicle injury
burns
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20
Q

what are some home risks of pre-schoolers and school-aged children?

A 
drowning (teach to swim)
motor vehicle injury (sitting in back seat) 
firearms (keep unloaded and locked up)
play injury 
burns (kitchen...)
poison (drugs, alcohol)
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21
Q

what are some home risks for adolescents

A

motor vehicle injury (seat belts, driving)
burns (sunbathing)
general accidental injuries
self harm

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22
Q

home modifications to reduce fall risks and increase home safety

A 
removing items that would cause tripping
providing balance aids
maintain steps and sidewalks
grab bars near toilet and tub
non-slip mat in tub
shower chair and bedside commode if needed
adequate lighting
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23
Q

unintentional inhalation of tobacco smoke

A

passive smoking (second-hand smoke)

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24
Q

gas that binds with hemoglobin and reduces oxygen supply to the body

A

carbon monoxide

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25
Q

rapid assessment of life threatening conditions (no longer then 60 secs) that is completed systematically using standard precautions
(ABCDE)

A 
Airway/ Cervical Spine
Breathing
Circualtion
Disability
Exposure
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26
Q

combination of basic interventions deigned to sustain oxygen and circulation to vital organs until more advanced interventions can be initiated.
made up of chest compressions and ventilations

A

CPR

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27
Q

the CABs of CPR

A

Chest Compressions
Airway
Breathing

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28
Q

factors or qualities in an objects design that contribute to comfort, safety, effciency, and ease of use

A

ergonomics

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29
Q

proper use of muscles to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment when performing a physical task

A

body mechanics

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30
Q

quantity of matter acted on by the force of gravity

A

weight

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31
Q

the center of a mass

A

center of gravity

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32
Q

patient lies supine with bed at 30 degrees with knees bent at about 15 degrees

A

semi- fowlers

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33
Q

patient lies supine with bed at 45 degrees and knees bent at about 15 degrees

A

Fowler’s position

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34
Q

patients lies supine with bed at 90 degrees

A

High-Fowler’s position

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35
Q

patients lies on back with head and shoulders elevated on pillow, arms at side and foot support to maintain proper alignment

A

supine

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36
Q

patient lies flat on abdomen with head to one side

A

prone

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37
Q

patient lies on side with most of weight on hip and shoulder, with arms flexed to front and pillows supporting head, neck, upper arm, leg and thigh

A

Lateral (side-lying)

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38
Q

patient lies on side halfway between prone and lateral positions with lower arm behind them and upper arm in front.

A

Sim’s position

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39
Q

patient lies on bed leaning forward laying head and resting arms on pillow on the bedside table

A

orthopneic position

40
Q

entire bed tilted with head of bed lower than foot

A

trendelenburg position

41
Q

entire bed tilted with head of bed higher than foot

A

reverse trendelenburg

42
Q

patients remains flat with legs elevated above heart level

A

modified trendelenburg

43
Q

personal hygiene for most patients includes:

A 
bathing
oral care
nail and foot care
perineal care
hair care
shaving
44
Q

freedom and independence in purposeful movement

A

mobility

45
Q

inability to move freely and independently at will

A

immobility

46
Q

4 types of immobility

A

temporary (post-op)
permanent (parapalegia)
sudden onset (broken limb in an accident)
slow onset (MS)

47
Q

mobility/immobility assessment focuses on:

A 
mobility
range of motion (ROM)
gait
exercise status
activity tolerance
body alignment while standing, sitting and lying
48
Q

what things would you look for when assessing skin after heat or cold application?

A 
redness
pain or burning
numbness
shivering
blisters
decreased sensation
cyanosis
49
Q

hose that help maintain external pressure on muscles to promote blood return and decrease risk of blood clots

A

elastic stockings or thromboembolic device (TED)

50
Q

sleeves that go hook around legs and inflate and deflate to promote venous return and decrease risk for blood clots

A

sequential compression device or intermittent pneumatic compression

51
Q

inflammation of a vein that results in a clot formation

A

thrombophlebitis

52
Q

potentially life threatening occlusion of blood flow to one or more of the pulmonary arteries by a clot, which often originates in the lower extremities.

A

pulmonary embolism

53
Q

a legal record of care

A

chart / medical record

54
Q

fully compliant documentation in includes information that is? (4 points)

A
  • factual
  • accurate and concise
  • complete and current
  • organized
55
Q

start EVERY entry with the ___ & ___

A

date & time

56
Q

what occurs when the presence of a pathogen leads to a chain of events?

A

infection

57
Q

micro-organisms or microbes that cause infection

A

pathogens

58
Q

5 examples of a pathogen

A 
bacteria
viruses
fungi
prions
parasites
59
Q

ability of a pathogen to invade and injure a host

A

virulence

60
Q

native immunity that restricts entry or immediately responds to a foreign organism through the activation of phagocytic cells, complement, and inflammation

A

nonspecific innate

61
Q

body’s first line of defense

A

intact skin

62
Q

immunity that allows the body to make antibodies in response to a foreign organism

A

specific adaptive immunity

63
Q

4 modes of infection transportation

A

contact
droplet
airborne
vector

64
Q

4 stages of an infection

A

incubation
prodromal
illness
convalescence

65
Q

interval of infection where symptoms specific to the infection occur

A

illness stage

66
Q

interval between the pathogen entering the body and the presentation of the first symptom

A

incubation

67
Q

interval from onset of general symptoms to more distinct symptoms, when the pathogen is multiplying

A

prodromal stage

68
Q

interval when acute symptoms disappear

A

convalescense

69
Q

infections that a client acquires while receiving care in a health care setting

A

Health-Care Associated Infections (HAIs)

70
Q

most common site of HAIs

A

urinary tract

71
Q

written summary of impressions of overall health

A

general survey

72
Q

measurements of the body’s most basic functions

A

vitals signs

73
Q

what do vital signs include

A 
blood pressure
pulse 
temperature
respirations
(sometimes pain and oxygen saturation)
74
Q

reflects the balance between the heat that the body produces and loses

A

temperature

75
Q

measurement of the heart rate and rhythm

A

pulse

76
Q

body’s mechanism for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, recorded as breaths per minute

A

reespiration

77
Q

reflects the force that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries during contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole)

A

blood pressure

78
Q

represents maximum amount of pressure exerted on the arteries

A

systolic pressure

79
Q

represents the minimum amount of pressure exerted on the arteries

A

diastolic pressure

80
Q

average body temperature

A

98.6

81
Q

acceptable temperature range

A

96.8 to 100.4 (36 to 38 C)

82
Q

body’s temperature response to infectious and inflammatory processes

A

fever

83
Q

techniques for taking temperature

A 
oral
rectal
axillary
tympanic
temporal
84
Q

abnormally elevated body temperature

A

hyperthermia

85
Q

abnormally low temperature

A

hypothermia

86
Q

number of times in a minute that you hear or feel the pulse

A

pulse rate

87
Q

regularity of impulses

A

rhythm

88
Q

reflects the volume of blood that is ejected against the arterial wall with each heart contraction

A

pulse strength

89
Q

pulse rate that is faster than normals

A

tachycardia

90
Q

pulse rate that is slower than normal

A

bradycardia

91
Q

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs

A

ventilation

92
Q

expected range of respirations for adults

A

12 to 20

93
Q

regular breathing rhythm is called

A

eupnea

94
Q

noninvasive indirect measurement of the oxygen saturation of the blood

A

pulse oximetry

95
Q

normal blood pressure

A

<80

96
Q

abnormally high blood pressure

A

hypertension

97
Q

abnormally low blood pressure

A

hypotension

98
Q

pattern of sleeping and awakening

A

Circadian rhythm

My Foundations (3 decks)

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