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NURSING FUNDMENTALS > ati proctor > Flashcards

ati proctor Flashcards

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1
Q

Conduction

A

transfer of heat from the body directly to another surface (when the body is immersed in cold water).

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2
Q

Convection

A

Dispersion of heat by air currents (wind blowing across exposed skin).

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3
Q

Evaporation

A

Dispersion of heat through water vapor (perspiration)

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4
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of heat from one object to another object without contact between them (heat lost from the body to a cold room).

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5
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sweating

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6
Q

Average Temperature

A

98.6 F

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7
Q

Lowest temperature what part of the day?

A

Early morning

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8
Q

What part of the day is the highest temp

A

late afternoon

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9
Q

Fever?

A

100.4 or greater

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10
Q

Systole

A

MAX top number

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11
Q

Diastole

A

minimum bottom number

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12
Q

Cuff too small/tight?

A

HIGH READING

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13
Q

cuff large/loosely?

A

LOW READING

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14
Q

Apical pulse location?

A

5th ics left side midline

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15
Q

s1

A

Low lub

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16
Q

s2

A

high dub

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17
Q

0 pulse rate

A

ABSENT

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18
Q

+1

A

WEAK

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19
Q

+2

A

NORMAL

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20
Q

+3

A

STRONG

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21
Q

+4

A

bounding

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22
Q

Infectious Agent

A

ex: CDiff (virius, bacteria, fungi, parasite)

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23
Q

Reservoir

A

ex: table & bed (habitat, where it lives, grows, reproduces)

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24
Q

Portal of exit

A

ex: wound drainage, GI tract

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25
Q

Mode of transmission

A

ex: contact

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26
Q

portal of entry

A

ex: mouth, nose

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27
Q

susceptible host

A

ex: patient

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28
Q

Direct contact transmission

A

micro-organisms directly moved from infected person to another person

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29
Q

Indirect contact transmission

A

microorganisms are directly moved from the infected person to another person with having a contaminated object or person between these two.

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29
Q

ex. of direct contact transmission

A

If a nurse is caring for a client who has scabies and is not wearing gloves, the scabies mites can directly contact the nurse’s skin.

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30
Q

example of indirect contact transmission

A

drainage from a client’s wound might get on the bed rail or a bedside table, which others then touch

31
Q

Airborne Transmission

A

Occurs when small particulates move into the airspace of another person.

32
Q

Vehicle transmission

A

common source agent: Infection through contaminated food or water

33
Q

Vector Borne transmission

A

infectious agents through animals: insect or rodent

34
Q

Inflammatory Response

A

body’s natural defense that is activated when the body is injured, when foreign substances are present, or when an infectious agent attacks.

35
Q

Infectious triggers

A

Viruses
bacteria
other microorganisms

36
Q

Noninfectious triggers

A

Physical: burns, frostbite, injury, foreign bodies, trauma, radiation
Chemical: glucose, fatty acids, toxins, alcohol, irritants (e.g., fluoride, nickel)
Biological: damaged cells
Psychological: excitement

37
Q

Manifestations of inflammation

A

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Loss of function

38
Q
  1. Incubation stage
A

may not feel ill or have visible manifestations, however there may be lab values that are changes or changes in diagnostic tests such as x-rays or CT scans.

39
Q
  1. Prodromal
A

Stage of infection when client begins having initial manifestations as the infectious agent replicates.

40
Q

Acute Illness

A

Third stage of infection where manifestations of a specific infectious disease process are obvious. This is also the stage where it is severe.

41
Q

Period of decline

A

Fourth stage of infection when manifestations begin to wane as the number of infectious disease decreases

42
Q

Period of convalescence

A

Fifth and last stage of infection when client returns to a normal or a new normal state of health.

43
Q

LOCAL INFECTIONS

A

one area of the body

44
Q

SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS

A

start as local and then moves into blood stream and infects the whole body

45
Q

Fingernails?

A

keep short less than 0.25 inches. Nail polish no chipped

46
Q

Medical Asepsis

A

Clean technique & reduction of disease-causing micro-organisms. Not all micro-organisms cause disease under typical circumstances, such as when someone touches an object.

47
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A

STERLIE. no microorganisms present

48
Q

Standard precautions

A

apply to all pt whether or not they have an infectious agent. PPE

49
Q

Contact Precautions

A

VRE, cdiff, noroviruses, & RSV. large wound drainage, fecal incontinence. Gown & Gloves minimum. Private room

50
Q

Droplet

A

mask when entering the room or close contact. 3ft apart. Pt wear mask when leaving room. COVID, Rhinovirus, & Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Flu

51
Q

Airborne precautions

A

Private room door closed
Negative pressure room
N95

52
Q

protective isolation

A

immunocompromised
direct airflow
no plants!

53
Q
A
54
Q

CLABSI

A

central line associated blood stream infection

55
Q

CAUTI

A

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections

56
Q

SSI

A

surgical site infection

57
Q

VAP

A

ventilator assisted pneumonias

58
Q

Multidrug resistant organisms

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)
Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA)
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing organisms
Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP)

59
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Coughing
sneezing
laughing
physical activity
that increases pressure on the bladder resulting in urine leakage

60
Q

Urge incontinence

A

a strong need or urge to urinate, leaking occurs b/f pt gets to toliet

61
Q

Reflex incontinence

A

urinary leakage resulting from nerve damage

62
Q

Overflow incontience

A

Incomplete bladder emptying that results in the bladder overfilling when full, leading to urine leakage.

63
Q

Functional Incontinence

A

Physical inability to reach the toilet in time.
Wheelchair bound, arthritis in hands, ?

64
Q

Nocturnal enuresis

A

nighttime bedwetting

65
Q

Urinary retention

A

incomplete emptying of bladder
Findings
diff urinating
pain
abdominal. distention

66
Q

Constipation

A

diff. moving the bowels due to hardened stool
Hard & lumpy
older adults, no fiber, certain meds, GI disorders, & preganancy
Manifestations
abdominal pain
vomiting
weight loss
warm oil enema

67
Q

Meds that affect stool prod
Constipation

A

Antacids
Anticholinergics and antispasmodics: medications used to treat muscle spasms
Antiseizure medications
Calcium channel blocker: medications used to primarily treat elevated blood pressure
Diuretics: which increase urine production
Iron supplements: used to treat certain forms of anemia
Anti-Parkinson disease medications
Narcotic pain medications: used to treat pain
Antidepressants

68
Q
A
68
Q

Enema position

A

left side with right leg pulled up to chest

69
Q

Cystometric testing

A

measures bladder capacity, pressure of bladder during filling, & final capacity when the urge to urinate begins

70
Q

Ureteral stent

A

allows the passage of urine when a ureter is blocked from a stone, mass, scar tissue, inflammation or infection

71
Q

reagent strip

A

diabetes
urine concentration

72
Q

Untreated uti can lead to…

A

PYELONEPHRITIS

73
Q
A

NURSING FUNDMENTALS (2 decks)

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