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ATI Pharm 2013A Flashcards

1
Q

Mannitol is given for acute angle closure glaucoma. What adverse effect must you watch?

A

Peripheral edema! Greatest risk to a pt taking mannitol IV is heart failure.

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2
Q

What is sucralfate used for?

A

Peptic ulcer dz. It is a mucosal protectant. Forms gel-like substand to coat ulcer and protect from stomach acid.

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3
Q

What do antacids do?

A

Neutralize acids in stomach.

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4
Q

What do H2 receptor antagonists do?

A

decrease stomach acids secretion

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5
Q

How does morphine affect the bladder?

A

increases sphincter and detrusor muscle tone, dulls ability to tell if bladder full–watch for urinary retention!

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6
Q

How does morphine affect the heart, temperature and pupils?

A

bradycardia, hypothermia, pupil constriction

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7
Q

Which insulin should not be mixed with others?

A

glargine (lantus)

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8
Q

Why may glargine be preferable?

A

it does not cause insulin peaks; maintains stead blood level over 24hr period. Reduce risk of hypoglycemia.

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9
Q

Acetazolamide (Diamox Sequels) is given for chronic open angle glaucoma. What is an adverse effect that should be monitored?

A

Paresthesia, tingling in the extremities. (Could cause hyperglycemia too.)

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10
Q

Long-term use of glucocorticoids could cause what?

A

osteoporosis. So important to monitor with bone density scans.

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11
Q

What does polystryrene (kayexalate) treat?

A

hyperkalemia

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12
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec) can cause what electrolyte imbalance?

A

hyperkalemia, cause kidney’s to retain

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13
Q

What is an early stage sign of salicylate poisoning (from ASA)?

A

hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis

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14
Q

when documenting administration of fluids, what info should be provided?

A

amount of fluid, how long it took to infuse, pt’s physical status

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15
Q

Signs of magnesium toxicity? (given for preterm labor)

A

depressed DTR, decreased BP and LOC, lethargy

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16
Q

Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen for breast cancer. What are expected adverse effects?

A

menstrual irregularities, hot flashes, bruising

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17
Q

What is Graves’ dz?

A

hyperthyroidism which increases appetite, cause insomnia, and inability to focus

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18
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac) can increase risk of bleeding if taken with what?

A

NSAIDs and anticoagulants b/c fluoxetine suppresses platelet aggregation

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19
Q

Pt teaching with Prozac?

A

Do not abruptly stop taking it, do not take St. John’s Wort (it will increase risk of serotonin syndrome)

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20
Q

What are s/e of anticholinergics like benztropine (Cogentin)?

A

urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia

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21
Q

What drug is given for acute asthma?

A

Albuterol (Proventil)–it is short acting beta2 agonist–cause bronchodilation

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22
Q

Which drug provides L-T asthma control and prevents exercise induced asthma?

A

Montelukast (Singulair)

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23
Q

What does metronidazole (Flagyl) treat?

A

bacterial infections

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24
Q

What should Flagyl not be taken with?

A

alcohol! can cause disulfiram-like rxn–vomit, hypotension, weakness

25
What are signs of an allergic rxn?
urticaria, dypsnea, anxiety, hypotension
26
What do you give for allergic rxn?
Parenteral epinephrine
27
How should ferrous sulfate be taken?
Iron should be taken on empty stomach for best absorption. (Antacids reduce absorption, and stools may be black, it's normal)
28
What does levothyroxine treat?
hypothyroidism
29
What should be checked to determine thyroid function?
TSH
30
When should ergotamine (Ergostat) be taken?
at the onset of migraine, only 3 SL tablets in 24 hours.
31
What does phenytoin (Dilantin) cause?
gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth)
32
What is the therapeutic level of Dilantin/phenyltoin?
10-20 mcg/mL Less than 10 --> seizures More than 20--> toxic
33
What is sign of digoxin toxicity?
yellow-tinged vision
34
What is a s/e of Ca-channel blocker that should be reported to provider?
pedal edema
35
If pt is allergic to penicillin, what else should he not take?
cephalosporins. ex) CEFtazidime (Fortaz)
36
What class is indomethacin?
NSAID for pain. Adverse effects are dizzy, vertigo, muscle weakness, N/V, anorexia--> weight loss
37
A spacer used with fluticasone for chronic asthma prevents what?
candidiasis of the mouth
38
How do decongestants work?
sympathomimetics contrict blood vessels. (and increase HR)
39
S/E of anticholinergics
dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, photophobia, tachycardia
40
What class is methotrexate?
immunosuppressant, so watch for signs of infection like fever or sore throat
41
What class is donepezil (Aricept)?
anticholinesterase inhibitor, raise levels of ACH
42
How does baclofen (Lioresal) help seizure pts?
decreases the frequency and severity of muscle spasms, allowing for improved muscle function
43
Whey would you give chlordiazepoxide to pt experiencing acute alcohol w/d?
prevent delirium tremens
44
What is akathisia?
unpleasant sensations of inner restlessness that manifests itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless--can be extrapyramidal symptom
45
What is adverse effect of haldol?
akathisia (even though it sedates a person?)
46
What is metoclopramide (Reglan) given for?
GERD, affects CNS and can cause sedation
47
What is Salmeterol?
long acting bronchodilator that prevent bronchospasm and improves breathing
48
When giving epoetin alfa (procrit), what s/b monitored?
increased BP b/c if Hct rises too quick, HTN and seizures could result.
49
What class is verapamil (Calan) and what does it treat?
Ca-blocker, htn. Tell pt to change positions slowly b/c it can cause orthostatic hypotension.
50
What is an adverse effect of taking statins?
mild injury causing muscle aches or weakness, so check CK (creatinine kinase) levels
51
What class is oprelvekin (neumega)?
thrombopoietic growth factor, given for mgmt of chemo adv effects. monitor platelet count.
52
What class is carbamazepine (tegretol)?
antieptileptic, reduces effects of oral contraceptives
53
What is an adverse rxn that should be reported to provider for patient taking Bactrim DS?
vescicular, crusty rash which is a sign of Stevens-Johnson syndrome
54
Which drug can cause C-diff associated diarrhea?
clindamycin (Cleocin)--it will be watery diarrhea
55
What should the pt monitor and report to provider when taking valproic acid (Depakote)?
jaundice b/c it can cause liver failure
56
What is ototoxicity?
ear poisoning
57
What can overdose of ASA cause?
Tinnitus
58
What may indicate heparin induced thrombocytopenia?
platelets less than 100,000/mm3
59
What can neostigmine cause?
nausea, bradycardia, salivation

ATI Pharm (2 decks)

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