ATI Pharm 2013A Flashcards
Mannitol is given for acute angle closure glaucoma. What adverse effect must you watch?
Peripheral edema! Greatest risk to a pt taking mannitol IV is heart failure.
What is sucralfate used for?
Peptic ulcer dz. It is a mucosal protectant. Forms gel-like substand to coat ulcer and protect from stomach acid.
What do antacids do?
Neutralize acids in stomach.
What do H2 receptor antagonists do?
decrease stomach acids secretion
How does morphine affect the bladder?
increases sphincter and detrusor muscle tone, dulls ability to tell if bladder full–watch for urinary retention!
How does morphine affect the heart, temperature and pupils?
bradycardia, hypothermia, pupil constriction
Which insulin should not be mixed with others?
glargine (lantus)
Why may glargine be preferable?
it does not cause insulin peaks; maintains stead blood level over 24hr period. Reduce risk of hypoglycemia.
Acetazolamide (Diamox Sequels) is given for chronic open angle glaucoma. What is an adverse effect that should be monitored?
Paresthesia, tingling in the extremities. (Could cause hyperglycemia too.)
Long-term use of glucocorticoids could cause what?
osteoporosis. So important to monitor with bone density scans.
What does polystryrene (kayexalate) treat?
hyperkalemia
Enalapril (Vasotec) can cause what electrolyte imbalance?
hyperkalemia, cause kidney’s to retain
What is an early stage sign of salicylate poisoning (from ASA)?
hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis
when documenting administration of fluids, what info should be provided?
amount of fluid, how long it took to infuse, pt’s physical status
Signs of magnesium toxicity? (given for preterm labor)
depressed DTR, decreased BP and LOC, lethargy
Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen for breast cancer. What are expected adverse effects?
menstrual irregularities, hot flashes, bruising
What is Graves’ dz?
hyperthyroidism which increases appetite, cause insomnia, and inability to focus
Fluoxetine (Prozac) can increase risk of bleeding if taken with what?
NSAIDs and anticoagulants b/c fluoxetine suppresses platelet aggregation
Pt teaching with Prozac?
Do not abruptly stop taking it, do not take St. John’s Wort (it will increase risk of serotonin syndrome)
What are s/e of anticholinergics like benztropine (Cogentin)?
urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia
What drug is given for acute asthma?
Albuterol (Proventil)–it is short acting beta2 agonist–cause bronchodilation
Which drug provides L-T asthma control and prevents exercise induced asthma?
Montelukast (Singulair)
What does metronidazole (Flagyl) treat?
bacterial infections
What should Flagyl not be taken with?
alcohol! can cause disulfiram-like rxn–vomit, hypotension, weakness
What are signs of an allergic rxn?
urticaria, dypsnea, anxiety, hypotension
What do you give for allergic rxn?
Parenteral epinephrine
How should ferrous sulfate be taken?
Iron should be taken on empty stomach for best absorption. (Antacids reduce absorption, and stools may be black, it’s normal)
What does levothyroxine treat?
hypothyroidism
What should be checked to determine thyroid function?
TSH
When should ergotamine (Ergostat) be taken?
at the onset of migraine, only 3 SL tablets in 24 hours.
What does phenytoin (Dilantin) cause?
gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth)
What is the therapeutic level of Dilantin/phenyltoin?
10-20 mcg/mL
Less than 10 –> seizures
More than 20–> toxic
What is sign of digoxin toxicity?
yellow-tinged vision
What is a s/e of Ca-channel blocker that should be reported to provider?
pedal edema
If pt is allergic to penicillin, what else should he not take?
cephalosporins. ex) CEFtazidime (Fortaz)
What class is indomethacin?
NSAID for pain. Adverse effects are dizzy, vertigo, muscle weakness, N/V, anorexia–> weight loss
A spacer used with fluticasone for chronic asthma prevents what?
candidiasis of the mouth
How do decongestants work?
sympathomimetics contrict blood vessels. (and increase HR)
S/E of anticholinergics
dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, photophobia, tachycardia
What class is methotrexate?
immunosuppressant, so watch for signs of infection like fever or sore throat
What class is donepezil (Aricept)?
anticholinesterase inhibitor, raise levels of ACH
How does baclofen (Lioresal) help seizure pts?
decreases the frequency and severity of muscle spasms, allowing for improved muscle function
Whey would you give chlordiazepoxide to pt experiencing acute alcohol w/d?
prevent delirium tremens
What is akathisia?
unpleasant sensations of inner restlessness that manifests itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless–can be extrapyramidal symptom
What is adverse effect of haldol?
akathisia (even though it sedates a person?)
What is metoclopramide (Reglan) given for?
GERD, affects CNS and can cause sedation
What is Salmeterol?
long acting bronchodilator that prevent bronchospasm and improves breathing
When giving epoetin alfa (procrit), what s/b monitored?
increased BP b/c if Hct rises too quick, HTN and seizures could result.
What class is verapamil (Calan) and what does it treat?
Ca-blocker, htn. Tell pt to change positions slowly b/c it can cause orthostatic hypotension.
What is an adverse effect of taking statins?
mild injury causing muscle aches or weakness, so check CK (creatinine kinase) levels
What class is oprelvekin (neumega)?
thrombopoietic growth factor, given for mgmt of chemo adv effects. monitor platelet count.
What class is carbamazepine (tegretol)?
antieptileptic, reduces effects of oral contraceptives
What is an adverse rxn that should be reported to provider for patient taking Bactrim DS?
vescicular, crusty rash which is a sign of Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Which drug can cause C-diff associated diarrhea?
clindamycin (Cleocin)–it will be watery diarrhea
What should the pt monitor and report to provider when taking valproic acid (Depakote)?
jaundice b/c it can cause liver failure
What is ototoxicity?
ear poisoning
What can overdose of ASA cause?
Tinnitus
What may indicate heparin induced thrombocytopenia?
platelets less than 100,000/mm3
What can neostigmine cause?
nausea, bradycardia, salivation
