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NRSG 115: Fundamentals Lab > ATI: Nutrition, Feeding, And Eating > Flashcards

ATI: Nutrition, Feeding, And Eating Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptive Utensils

A

devices for eating and feeding that have been modified to accommodate some type of disability, for example, forks with built-up handles for use by people who have arthritis

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2
Q

Albumin

A

a plasma protein formed primarily in the liver and accounting for about two thirds of the protein in plasma

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3
Q

Amino Acid

A

any of a class of particular organic compounds occurring naturally in plant and animal tissues and forming the “building blocks” of protein

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4
Q

Anabolism

A

the constructive phase of metabolism, in which the body cells synthesize protoplasm for growth and repair

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5
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by a preoccupation with food and the rituals of eating, along with a voluntary refusal to eat

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6
Q

Anthropometric MEasures

A

data collected for studying the size, weight, and proportions of the human body

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7
Q

Anthropometry

A

the study of the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human body, usually on a comparative basis

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8
Q

Ascorbic Acid

A

a vitamin that aids in tissue building and many metabolic reactions, such as wound and fracture healing, collagen formation, adrenaline production, iron absorption, conversion of folic acid, and cellular adhesion; also called vitamin C

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9
Q

Aspiration

A

inadvertent inhalation of fluid or other substances into the lungs; also, the withdrawal or removal, via a syringe or other apparatus, of a substance or material from the body

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10
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate

A

the amount of calories used by the body during a nonactive period; also called resting energy expenditure

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11
Q

Bioelectric impedance Analysis

A

a method of estimating body composition that determines the body tissues’ opposition to the flow of an electric current, which can then be used to estimate total body water, fat-free body mass, and body fat

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12
Q

Biotin

A

a coenzyme used in fatty acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and the formation of glucose

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13
Q

BMI

A

weight in kilograms divided by height (in meters) squared, a measure of body fat that is used as an indication of nutritional status

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14
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food over a short period of time (bingeing) followed by inappropriate compensatory behavior to rid the body of these excessive calories, such as self-induced vomiting (purging)

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15
Q

Cachexia

A

general physical wasting and malnutrition most often related to chronic disease

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16
Q

Calcium

A

a mineral essential for maintaining the health of bones and teeth, cardiovascular support, blood clotting, and nerve transmission

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17
Q

Calibrate

A

adjust precisely for a particular function

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18
Q

Calipers

A

an instrument with two adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used to measure diameter or thickness

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19
Q

Calorie

A

a unit by which energy is measured; the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree Celsius; also called a kilocalorie

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20
Q

Carbohydrates

A

a class of essential energy-yielding macronutrients that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, such as sugars, starches, glycogen, and fiber

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21
Q

Catabolism

A

degrading process involving the release of energy and the breakdown of complex materials such as proteins or lipids within an organism

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22
Q

Chromium

A

an essential dietary trace element that is a cofactor for insulin

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23
Q

Copper

A

an essential dietary trace element that facilitates iron use and is a component of several enzymes involved in hemoglobin synthesis, collagen formation, wound healing, and nerve fiber maintenance

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24
Q

Cyanocobalamin

A

a form of vitamin B₁₂, a vitamin essential for the production of red blood cells

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25
Daily Values
reference points for intakes determined by public health experts and based on a 2,000-calorie diet
26
Dietary Reference Intakes
the Institute of Medicine’s system of specific nutrition recommendations and values, including updated recommended daily allowances, estimated average requirements, adequate intake, and tolerable upper intake levels
27
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
28
Eternal Nutrition
the delivery of nutrients directly to the gastrointestinal system, usually via one of a variety of types of feeding tubes and devices
29
Fats
a group of water-insoluble, energy-yielding macronutrients that are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; also called lipids
30
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
essential organic substances that can be absorbed with lipids, specifically, vitamins A, D, E, and K
31
Fiber
carbohydrates that are components of plants and cannot be digested by human enzymes
32
Fluoride
an essential element that forms a bond with calcium and thus accumulates in calcified body tissue such as bones and teeth
33
Folic Acid
the synthetic form of folate, a substance required for hemoglobin and amino-acid synthesis, cellular reproduction, and prevention of neural tube defects in utero
34
Height to Wrist Circumference
a method of determining body frame size by comparing wrist circumference to height
35
Hemoglobin
the main functional constituent of red blood cells that serves as their oxygen-carrying protein
36
Ideal Body Weighr
an estimate of what a person should weigh, calculated by using body mass index as a reference guide
37
Indirect Calorimetry
measurement of the amount of heat produced by a subject by determining the amount of oxygen consumed and the amount of carbon dioxide eliminated
38
Iodine
a trace mineral essential for the synthesis of thyroxine, the thyroid hormone that helps regulate metabolism
39
Iron
a trace mineral essential for hemoglobin formation and function, cellular oxidation of glucose, antibody production, and collagen synthesis
40
Kilocalorie
a unit by which energy is measured; the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree Celsius; also called a calorie
41
Lipids
a group of water-insoluble, energy-yielding organic compounds composed or carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; also called fats
42
Magnesium
a major mineral essential for bone nourishment, a catalyst for many enzyme reactions, and a contributor to nerve and muscle function and cardiovascular support
43
Malnourished
in a state of malnutrition
44
Malnutrition
poor nourishment resulting from an inadequate or improper diet or from some metabolic defect that keeps the body from using food properly
45
Manganese
an essential trace element that is a component of enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat and in bone formation
46
Metabolism
the sum of the physical and chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated
47
Mid-Upper-Arm-Circumference
the distance around the left upper arm, measured at the midpoint between the tip of the shoulder and the tip of the elbow (the olecranon process), and used as a measure of nutritional status
48
Minerals
nonorganic substances that are essential for health, are used at every cellular level for metabolic exchanges, and must be obtained in the diet
49
Niacin
a vitamin that aids in energy and protein metabolism; also called vitamin B₃
50
Nitrogen Balance
the difference between the daily intake of nitrogen and nitrogen excretion, an indicator of tissue integrity
51
Nutrient
a substance that nourishes
52
Obese
having a body mass index of 30 or above
53
Obesity
a condition of excess body weight, that is, a body mass index of 30 or above
54
Overweight
having a body mass index between 25 and 29.9
55
Pantothenic Acid
a vitamin essential for fatty acid metabolism and cell synthesis and participating in more than 100 metabolic reactions; also called vitamin B₅
56
Parenteral Nutrition
administration of nutrients intravenously
57
Peristalsis
successive wavelike movements by which tubular organs that have both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers, such as those in the gastrointestinal tract, propel their contents forward
58
Phosphorus
a major mineral essential for maintaining the energy transfer of RNA and DNA as well as acid-base balance
59
Potassium
a major mineral essential for maintaining intra- and extracellular fluid volume, muscle, blood pressure, and musculoskeletal and cardiovascular function
60
Prealbumin
a thyroxin-binding protein measured to evaluate the nutrition status of critically ill patients who are at high risk for malnutrition
61
Proteins
a class of essential energy-yielding macronutrients that are organic compounds composed of individual "building blocks" called amino acids
62
Pyridoxine
one of the forms of vitamin B₆, a vitamin essential for cellular function and synthesis of hemoglobin, neurotransmitters, and niacin
63
Resting Energy Expenditure
the amount of calories used by the body during a nonactive period; also called basal metabolic rate
64
Retinol
one of the forms of vitamin A, a vitamin essential for vision health, tissue strength and growth, embryonic development, gene expression, and immune function
65
Retinol-Binding Proteins
a family of organic compounds that bind with vitamin A, one of which has been associated with insulin resistance
66
Riboflavin
a vitamin essential for releasing energy from nutrients in all body cells, as well as for growth, vitality, and tissue healing; also called vitamin B₂
67
Selenium
a mineral essential for normal immune function and thyroid-gland activity
68
Sodium
a major mineral largely responsible for regulating fluid balance and cell permeability and essential for acid-base balance, nerve transmission, and muscular irritability
69
Therapeutic Diet
a food plan that is modified to meet specific health needs, for example, by increasing or decreasing caloric intake, fiber, or other specific nutrients; by omitting specific foods; or by modifying the consistency of foods
70
Thiamin
a vitamin essential for releasing energy from carbohydrates, as well as for digestion and peristalsis and providing energy for smooth muscles, glands, the central nervous system, and blood vessels; also called vitamin B₁
71
Total Iron-Binding Capacity
a blood test that measures the ability of transferrin to carry iron in the blood
72
Transferrin
a glycoprotein produced in the liver that binds and transports iron
73
Triceps Skinfold
a measurement of the upper arm that helps estimate body fat
74
Vitamins
any of a group of organic substances found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth, health, many enzymatic and chemical reactions, and many metabolic functions
75
Zinc
a trace element in the diet that is a component DNA and RNA and of many enzymes involved in growth, metabolism, and other senses and functions

NRSG 115: Fundamentals Lab (15 decks)

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