ATI: Diabetes Management

Question 1

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor

Answer 1

type of oral antidiabetic agent that delays the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines

Question 2

Beta Cell

Answer 2

type of cell in the pancreas that secretes insulin

Question 3

Casual Plasma Glucose

Answer 3

glucose concentration in the blood of a specimen taken at any time of day regardless of the time since the person’s last meal; also called random blood glucose

Question 4

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 4

disorder of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that causes excessive thirst and excretion of large volumes of dilute urine

Question 5

Duration

Answer 5

referring to medications, the length of time a drug exerts a therapeutic effect

Question 6

Fasting

Answer 6

ingesting only water or nothing at all for a predetermined length of time

Question 7

Fingerstick

Answer 7

use of a small lancet to puncture the skin on the side of a fingertip to obtain a single drop of capillary blood for diagnostic testing

Question 8

Glucometer

Answer 8

a device used to determine the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood

Question 9

Glucose

Answer 9

simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism

Question 10

Hyperglycemia

Answer 10

an elevated blood glucose level

Question 11

Hypoglycemia

Answer 11

a low blood glucose level

Question 12

Injection

Answer 12

insertion of fluid into the body or a container via a needle and syringe

Question 13

Insulin

Answer 13

hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Question 14

Insulin Resistance

Answer 14

a reduced ability of cells to respond to insulin

Question 15

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 15

tiny, irregular structures distributed throughout the pancreas and comprising its endocrine portion

Question 16

Ketoacidosis

Answer 16

accumulation of ketones (acids formed from the breakdown of free fatty acids in the absence of insulin) in the blood, associated with uncontrolled diabetes and resulting in metabolic acidosis

Question 17

Lancet

Answer 17

sharp, pointed device used to make small incisions or punctures in the skin

Question 18

Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 18

group of abnormalities (including high levels of glucose and triglycerides) associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease

Question 19

Microalbuminuria

Answer 19

early sign of renal disease involving the presence of albumin in the urine in amounts greater than expected but too low to be detected by dipstick testing

Question 20

Nephropathy

Answer 20

long-term complication of diabetes that involves damage to the cells of the kidneys and eventually leads to end-stage renal disease

Question 21

Neuropathy

Answer 21

any of numerous disturbances or pathologic changes in the peripheral nervous system, most often affecting sensation, and often a long-term complication of diabetess

Question 22

Non-Sulfonylurea Secretagogue

Answer 22

type of oral antidiabetic agent that stimulates insulin release; also called glinide

Question 23

Onset

Answer 23

the point when a drug begins to exert its therapeutic effect

Question 24

Pancreas

Answer 24

large gland that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon

Question 25

Peak

Answer 25

the point when a drug is at its highest concentration in the body

Question 26

Polydipsia

Answer 26

excessive thirst and fluid intake

Question 27

Polyphagia

Answer 27

excessive hunger

Question 28

Polyuria

Answer 28

excretion of abnormally large amounts of urine

Question 29

Postprandial

Answer 29

after a meal

Question 30

Subcutaneous

Answer 30

under the skin

Question 31

Sulfonylurea

Answer 31

type of oral antidiabetic agent that stimulates insulin release

Question 32

Thiazolidinedione

Answer 32

type of oral antidiabetic agent that reduces insulin resistance

Question 33

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 33

disorder involving the complete destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and resulting in a lifelong need for daily insulin replacement therapy

Question 34

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 34

disorder involving insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion and resulting in the need for therapy that includes diet, exercise, oral medications, and possibly injectable medications

Question 35

Vial

Answer 35

a plastic or glass container in which liquid or powdered medication is packaged in an airtight and sterile environment and sealed with a rubber stopper