ATI Endocrine Flashcards
Alcohol with Type 1 DM
ingest alcohol with meals to reduce alcohol induced hypoglycemia. alcohol prevents liver production of glucose, consume carbs during to prevent hypoglycemia.
One alcoholic beverage = 2 fat exchanges.
insulin may need to be decreased.
Pt taking insulin glargine (Lantus) and Regular insulin (Humulin R)
Draw them up in separate syringes. insulin glargine cannot be mixed with any other insulin in the same syringe.
Hypoglycemia
cool clammy skin, anxious
Hyperglycemia
rapid, deep respirations. dehydration- orthostatic hypotension.
DKA- abdominal cramping.
Insulin has been effective
fasting blood glucose 106.
Postprandial glucose
after meal- needs to be <180
Bedtime glucose
100-140
Preprandial glucose
90-130
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Treatment goals have been met when client reports increase in weight. PTU is given to suppress thyroid hormone and allow for weight gain. Causes reduction in appetite, bowel movements, and sweating.
DKA
ph low, carbon dioxide normal, bicarbonate low. metabolic acidosis.
SIADH
pt retains fluids, causes dilutional hyponatremia- sodium 110 needs to be reported.
DM, peripheral neuropathy. protect feet:
check bath water temp with thermometer. Examine feet daily. Shop for shoes later in the day when feet are slightly swollen. Change body position regularly, not just when uncomfortable.
DI
increased hematocrit, dehydration, low urine SG- increased urine output.
Tachycardia. Increased BUN r/t dehydration.
Pheochromocytoma, priority intervention
avoid palpating the abdomen- palpation could cause sudden release of catecholamines from the adrenal gland precipitating a hypertensive crisis.
Not priority- ensure adequate hydration to maintain blood volume, manage headaches with analgesics, private darkened room to promote rest.
24 hours after total thyroidectomy. report to pcp-
laryngeal stridor- harsh high pitch sound on inspiration, indicates respiratory obstruction.
expected findings- productive cough, pain on hyperextension of neck, hoarse weak voice